Paranesi mo Fitafita o le Taua

O le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na auai i faalapotopotoga eseese a le militeli ma faalapotopotoga faalemalo talu mai lava na auai tagata o le Ekalesia i iunite a le militeli i le 1800. O auaunaga mai fafo i le seneturi lona 20 na tuuina mai ai ni luitau fou faalefaalapotopotoga ma le faaaumeaina mo aulotu a le Ekalesia, a o manaomia e le militeli ma taitai faalemalo ia tagata o le ekalesia ma o latou aiga e siitia ese atu i fafo. I vaitaimi o feteenaiga, o le tele o le aofai o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai mai atunuu eseese na auai pe na valaauina e auauna atu, lea na manaomia ai mai i lea taimi ma lea taimi le faatulagaina o paranesi le tumau ma fatuina ni alaata faapitoa o fesootaiga. Ina ua mavae le Taua Lona II a le Lalolagi, sa faamaonia ai le avea o paranesi mo fitafita o le taua ma meafaigaluega i le faateleina o le lagolago i le lotoifale i eria ia sa lei maua muamua ai e le Ekalesia se avanoa tele e faavae ai ni aulotu tumau.

Tautua Faamiliteli i le Seneturi 19

Mo le tele o le uluai talafaasolopito o le Iunaite Setete, o fea lava na faapotopoto ai le uluai augatupulaga o Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai, na faatulagaina ai foi iunite faamiliteli i le faataatiaga faafaafanua. O nuu o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i Misuri, Ilinoi, ma Iuta na faapotopotoina iunite o le militeli ia sa tele ina aofia ai tagata o le Ekalesia, faatasi ai ma taitai o le Ekalesia i le lotoifale o loo auauna atu o ni taitaiau.¹ Mai lea taimi i lea taimi, o iunite a le militeli sa aofia ai volenitia o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai sa galulue o se vaega o le Vaegaau Masani a le Iunaite Setete.² O nisi o iunite o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai, e pei o le Autau Mamona lauiloa, sa tau mo le Iunaite Setete i le Taua a Mekisiko-Amerika (1846–48), o le Taua a Amerika Faalemalo (1861–65), o le Taua Sipaniolo-Amerika (1898), ma le Taua Muamua a le Lalolagi (1914–18).³

I le taimi o le Taua Sipaniolo-Amerika, sa tauivi ai Elias S. Kimball, o le uluai faifeau o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i le militeli a le Iunaite Setete, e faapaleni le le faatuaoia faalelotu o lona tiute ma manaoga patino o fitafita o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na tofia i lana vaega. O le le mafai ona faia e le aunoa o sauniga tapuai ma le taofia mai le faasoa atu o fautuaga e patino i talitonuga ma aoaoga faavae a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai, sa masani ona lagona ai e Kimball le le fiafia, o se aafiaga o le a oo foi i ai faifeau o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i le lumanai.⁴ Sa fuafuaina e taitai o le Ekalesia ni fetuunaiga patino mo fitafita o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i isi iunite o le militeli. Sa latou uunaia uarota ma paranesi e i ai tagata o loo galulue i le militeli e auina atu tusitusiga paia, tusi faitau a le Ekalesia, ma fesootaiga faifai pea i a latou fitafita. Sa latou talosagaina tagata o uarota ma paranesi e lata ane i nofoaga o le militeli e valaaulia ia fitafita e auai i sauniga i le lotoifale ma faaaumea i latou pe a manaomia. O nisi taimi sa tuuina atu ai le faatagaga i fitafita o loo i taua po o isi nofoaga taumamao e faatulaga ai a latou lava vaega o le Mutual Improvement Association (MIA), o le vaega muamua lea na faatulagaina i le 1898 e latalata i Manila, Filipaina, i le taimi o le Taua a Manila.⁵ I lalo o le faamalumaluga a le “Mutual Improvement Association of the Far East,” sa potopoto ai fitafita o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai e suesue i tusitusiga paia, aai ma feinu i le faamanatuga, ma auai i gaoioiga faaagafesootai.⁶

O Taua e Lua o le Lalolagi

I le taimi o le Taua Muamua a le Lalolagi, e toatele se aofaiga o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na auauna atu i itu uma e lua o se taua tele faavaomalo mo le uluai taimi i le talafaasolopito o le Ekalesia.⁷ O fesootaiga masani mai uarota ma paranesi tumau na oo atu i fitafita o loo auauna atu mai le malosiaga Tutotonu o Siamani ma Auseteria ma autau tuufatasi a Peretania Tele, Kanata, Niu Sila, Ausetalia, ma le Iunaite Setete. O nisi taimi, e pei o 13th Mountain Rifles (lea na ta’ua o le “Alberta Regiment”) o le Vaegaau a Kanata, sa faia ai e se vaega o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai sauniga masani a le Ekalesia. Sa taitaia e lieutenant Hugh B. Brown, o se Pulega Aoao i le lumanai, ni taumafaiga e tuuina atu le lagolago faaleagaga i le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i lana vaega.⁸

O le auai ai o le Vaegaau Faaauupegaina a le Iunaite Setete i le taua i le 1917, na uunaia ai taitai o le Ekalesia e atiae ni polokalama fou e lagolago ai fitafita o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai. E toatolu tagata o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na mauaina ni tofiga o ni failotu i le Vaegaau a le Iunaite Setete, ma sa fautuaina fitafita o le ekalesia i le salafa o le lalolagi e saili ni aulotu i le lotoifale i soo se mea lava e tofia i ai. O vaega o le MIA sa faatulagaina e latalata i nofoaga o aoaoga faamasani po o nofoaga o taua lea na le mafai e fitafita ona auai atu ai i uarota ma paranesi masani.⁹

A o amataina le Taua Lona Lua a le Lalolagi i le vaitau o le 1930, sa aoaoina taitai o le Ekalesia mai le Taua Muamua a le Lalolagi ma sa saunia ai e atiina ae se upegafesootai lagolagosua sili atu mo fitafita o le ekalesia. I le 1940 ma le 1941, a o amata ona faateleina le aofai o tagata o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai ua auai i le taua, sa fatuina e taitai ni auala fou mo le auina atu o tusitusiga a le Ekalesia ma fesootaiga i fitafita o le ekalesia i fafo atu o le atunuu. Na saunia e vaega o le MIA le nofoaga autu e mafuta ai le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i totonu o nofoaga o fitafita. O le Komiti a Fitafita o le Militeli—na faatulagaina i le 1941, faatasi ai ma Elder Harold B. Lee o le Korama a Aposetolo e Toasefululua o se taitaifono ma Hugh B. Brown o se taitai faamaopoopo—na fuafuaina se fuafuaga lagolago mo fitafita lea na aofia ai se faagasologa aloaia mo le valaauina ma le vaetofiaina o taitai vaega o le MIA.¹⁰ Sa lolomiina foi e le komiti ia le Tusitaulima mo Taitai o Aufailotu ma Taitai Vaega ma lomiga laiti o tusitusiga paia ma isi tusi a le Ekalesia mo fitafita. O se tusi telefoni, na faafouina faaletausaga, na tuuina atu ai i fitafita ia faamatalaga fesootai mo paranesi, uarota, ma misiona i le lotoifale i soo se mea lava latou te faamautu ai. Sa auauna atu tagata o le Ekalesia i le lotoifale o ni taitai faamaopoopo lagolago e faafesootai ia pou faamiliteli lata ane ma aulotu i le lotoifale.¹¹

A o faateleina le aofai o failotu o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i le taimi o le Taua Lona II a le Lalolagi, sa tonu i le Komiti a Fitafita o le Militeli e valaauina ia fitafita alii e avea ma taitai vaega. O lea fuafuaga na faatagaina ai le sili atu o sauniga tapuai a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na faia e aunoa ma se feteenaiga ma aiaiga faavae a le militeli e manaomia ai ni sauniga e tatala mo soo se tasi e fia auai. O alii talavou e vaetofiaina o ni taitai vaega a o lei tuua aiga, e mafai ona faatulagaina ni vaega ma faia ni sauniga i soo se mea lava latou te faamautu ai, e aofia ai a o i ai i se taua.¹² Sa faatulagaina vaega o le MIA i nofoaga uma o le taua, e aofia ai nisi o tolauapiga mo pagota o le taua, ma o le toatele o tagata o le ekalesia na auai na faaaogaina avanoa uma e faasoa atu ai le talalelei i uso a fitafita ma tagata i le lotoifale sa latou fegalegaleai. O le tele o fitafita, e pei o L. Tom Perry, o se Maligi a le Iunaite Setete ma se Aposetolo i le lumanai, sa galulue faatasi ma soa o le militeli, o isi ekalesia, ma tagata o le paranesi i le toe faaleleia o eria na faaleagaina i le taua.¹³

Auaunaga i Fafo ma le Tuputupu Ae o le Ekalesia

Talu mai le Taua Lona II a le Lalolagi, ua faaauau pea e le Ekalesia ona lagolagoina ma faaleleia taumafaiga e lagolago ai le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i auaunaga faamiliteli ma faalemalo.¹⁴ I vaega o Europa, Asia, Amerika Latina, Aferika, ma le Pasefika, o paranesi na faatulagaina mo aiga o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i auaunaga faamiliteli ma faalemalo ua avea ma meafaigaluega i le tuuina atu o le lagolago vave i le lotoifale ma le taitaiga mo le faavaeina o le Ekalesia i le tele o atunuu. O le televave o le tuputupu ae o tagata o le ekalesia i le lalolagi atoa na masani ona mulimuli mai i galuega ma taumafaiga a tagata malaga ese atu o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai.¹⁵

Punaoa o le Ekalesia

“Auaunaga o Sootaga Faalemiliteli ma Aufailotu,” military.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

Faasinomaga o Tusi

O lomiga nei o loo tuuina atu ai nisi faamatalaga e uiga i lenei autu. I le faasinoina atu po o le faafesoota’ia o oe i nei punaoa, matou te le faamaonia pe faamautinoa atu le anotusi po o manatu o tusitala.

Joseph F. Boone, “The Roles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Relation to the United States Military, 1900–1975” (PhD diss., Brigham Young University, 1975).

Autu Fesootai: Taua Mekisiko-Amerika, Taua o le Lotoifale a Amerika, Taua Sipaniolo-Amerika, Taua I a le Lalolagi, Taua Lona II a le Lalolagi, Tuputupuae o le Galuega Faafaifeautalai

1. O Iosefa Samita, mo se faataitaiga, sa avea ma taitaiau o le militeli i le lotoifale i Navu, o le Vaegaau a Navu, o se taitai maualuga atu. Ina ua toefaatulagaina le Autau a Navu i Iuta e tali atu i feteenaiga i le va o autau a le malo o le Iunaite Setete ma nuu iloga i le lotoifale, o Daniel H. Wells, o le Aposetolo ma le fesoasoani i le lumanai ia Polika Iaga, sa tofia e avea ma ona taitai. Tagai “Nauvoo Legion,” Joseph Smith Papers, https://josephsmithpapers.org/topic/nauvoo-legion; Daniel H. Wells, Special Orders, 25 Iuni 1849, Territorial Militia Records, Utah, 1849–1877, Utah State Archives, Salt Lake City, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95XQ-QZY.

2. A o avea uluai faalapotopotoga faamiliteli i le Iunaite Setete ma militeli i le lotoifale, sa laitiiti atu le Vaegaau Masani nai lo autau faapolofesa na mulimuli ane ai. I le vaitaimi o le 1800, o le Ami Masani, pe a faatagaina ai e se tautinoga o le konekeresi o taua, e valaau atu i fitafita “volenitia a le autau” i iunite.

3. Tagai i Autu: Autau Mamona, Taua Mekisiko-Amerika, Taua o le Lotoifale a Amerika, Taua Sipaniolo-Amerika, Taua Muamua o le Lalolagi.

4. James I. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” in Robert C. Freeman, ed., Nineteenth-Century Saints at War (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, 2007), 168, 171–72.

5. George Seaman, “The ‘Far East’ Improvement Association,” Improvement Era, Dec. 1898, 152–54.

6. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” 179–81.

7. Tagai i le Autu: Taua Muamua o le Lalolagi

8. James I. Mangum, “The Influence of the First World War on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 2006), 4.

9. Robert C. Freeman and Andrew C. Skinner, Saints at War: World War I (Springville, Utah: Cedar Fort Press, 2018), 57–58, 119–24, 138.

10. “Elder Brown Is Named to New Post,” Deseret News, Apr. 28, 1941, 9; Eugene E. Campbell and Richard D. Poll, Hugh B. Brown: His Life and Thought (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1975), 144; David L. Clark, “Hugh B. Brown’s Program for Latter-day Saint Servicemen during WWII,” Interpreter, vol. 34 (2020), 143–60.

11. Au Peresitene Sili, Tusi i Epikopo ma Peresitene o Siteki, 6 Aok. 1941, Servicemen’s Committee Circular Letters, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; First Presidency, Letter to Bishops and Stake Presidents, 14 Oct. 1942, Servicemen’s Committee Circular Letters, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

12. Robert C. Freeman and Dennis A. Wright, Saints at War: Experiences of Latter-day Saints in World War II (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 2001), 190–93.

13. Colleen Whitley, “Prisoners of War Minutes of Meetings of Latter-day Saint Servicemen Held in Stulag Luft 1, Barth, Germany,” BYU Studies, vol. 37, no. 1 (1997–98), 207–17; Freeman and Wright, Saints at War, 45–46, 57–61, 153–54, 174, 184, 203–5; Lee Tom Perry, L. Tom Perry: An Uncommon Life (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2013), 126–31; see also “Lifetimes of Service,” Global Histories: Netherlands, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Lord Is Smiling on the Philippines,” Global Histories: Philippines, ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

14. Tagai i le “Military Relations and Chaplain Services,” military.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

15. Tagai, mo se faataitaiga, Perry, An Uncommon Life, 126–39; Frederick S. Williams ma Frederick G. Williams, From Acorn to Oak Tree: A Personal History of the Establishment and the First Quarter Development of the South American Missions (Fullerton, California: Et Cetera, 1987), 195; Autu: Growth of Missionary Work; “The Lord Is Smiling on the Philippines,” Global Histories: Philippines, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Feed My Sheep,” Global Histories: South Korea, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Tatsui Sato: Translator for Life,” Global Histories: Japan, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Gathering of Saints in Rwanda,” Global Histories: Rwanda, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Bringing the Gospel to the Congo,” Global Histories: Democratic Republic of the Congo, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Timing of the Lord,” Global Histories: Spain, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Clear and Wonderful,” Global Histories: Haiti, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Book of Mormon Seemed to Be Speaking,” Global Histories: Panama, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “I Need to Open Up the Doors,” Global Histories: Guam, ChurchofJesusChrist.org.