Taumafaiga a Misuri e Avefaamalosi

I le mavae ai o fetauaiga i le va o Mamona ma isi tagata Misuri i le tautoulu o le 1838, na pueina ai nisi o taitai o le Ekalesia, na aofia ai Iosefa Samita, ma faafalepuipuiina i ni moliaga eseese. Ae ui i lea, o amioga leaga na faia e faasaga i le Au Paia, e lei moliaina. Na talitonu Iosefa ma isi Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai o moliaga na faia e faasaga ia i latou o se faiga faasauaga faaletulafono na fuafuaina ina ia atili lamatia ai i latou e pei lava ona tuliesea le vaega autu o le Au Paia mai le setete.

Ia Aperila 1839, na tuuaia ai e se faamasinoga tele a Misuri Iosefa Samita ma isi mo le faatupu vevesi, fouvalega, gaoi, faalisitiina o oloa gaoi, ma le susunu fale—o solitulafono na mafaufauina na faia i le taimi o le taua a Misuri-Mamona i le tausaga ua tuanai. I lenei faamasinoga, na suia ai e le faamasino na taitai le nofoaga ma se faatonuga e ave pagota i Kolumupia, Itumalo a Boone, mo le latou faamasinoga mulimuli. Ao aveina atu e molia, sa sosola Iosefa ma ona soa i le fesoasoani a se tasi o a latou leoleo ma agai atu ai i Ilinoi, lea na maua ai e le vaega autu o le Au Paia iina se malutaga.¹ I le va o le 1840 ma le 1843, na galulue ai taitai o le setete o Misuri e avefaamalosi Iosefa (faamalosia faaletulafono o ia e toe foi i Misuri) ma aumai o ia e faamasinoina. Na ia finau atu e le o tausisia e le malo o le setete le faagasologa o tulafono ma talitonu na taumafai ona fili e faaaoga le tulafono e fuafua ai lona fasiotiga.²

E tasi le tausaga talu ona sola Iosefa Samita i Ilinoi, Misuri, ae auina atu e le kovana o Misuri, o Lilburn W. Boggs se talosaga aloaia i le kovana a Ilinoi o Thomas Carlin ina ia avefaamalosi Iosefa i Misuri e tu ai i luma o le faamasinoga. Ina ua mavae le tuuina atu e Carlin o se tusi saisai, sa sailia ma le le manuia e se leoleo ia Iosefa i Navu, Ilinoi. Na toe tuuina atu e Carlin le tusi saisai ia Iuni 1841 ma sa pueina ai e se isi leoleo ia Iosefa. Na toe tatalaina i tua e Faamasino Stephen A. Douglas Iosefa, i le iloaina e pepelo le tusi saisai.³

Sa matuai faateleina taumafaiga e avefaamalosi i le 1842 ina ua fanaina ma faamanualia ai e se tagata e le mailoa ia Boggs, lea ua le o toe avea ma kovana, i Initipene, Misuri. O John C. Bennett, o se tagata o le Ekalesia na tape le igoa o le na tetee i le Ekalesia, na faia se tuuaiga faapea na auina atu e Iosefa Porter Rockwell e fasioti Boggs.⁴ Na matuai teena e le Perofeta lenei tuuaiga. Ae ui i lea, o le kovana fou o Misuri, o Thomas Reynolds, na talosagaina Ilinoi mo le avefaamalosi o Iosefa, ma na toe tuuina atu foi e Kovana Carlin se tusi saisai. Na luiina e le Faamasinoga a le Aai o Navu le tulaga faaletulafono o le tusi saisai, tuuina atu se tusi o le habeas corpus, o se puipuiga faaletulafono lea e manaomia ai le aumaia o le pagota i luma o le faamasino e fuafua ai pe o le pueina ma le taofiga o le pagota o se tulaga faaletulafono.⁵ I le lua aso lea sa tau faamaonia ai e le leoleo le moni o le lui a le faamasinoga, na alu ai Iosefa e lafi.⁶

Sa tutu faatasi Ema Samita ma tamaitai o le Aualofa a Tamaitai o Navu mo le puipuiga o le Perofeta. Na sainia e tamaitai se talosaga e tuuina atu ia Kovana Carlin e tauanau atu ai le faamutaina o taualumaga o le avefaamalosi. Na tusia foi e Ema ni tusi se tele ia Carlin, ma finau atu faapea e tusa lava pe na taupulepule e Iosefa se taumafaiga faatagatavaleina mai Ilinoi, e pei ona tuuaia ai, o le avefaamalosi e le o se vaifofo faaletulafono talafeagai lea aua e leai se aia a Misuri i se tagata mo se solitulafono lea na manatu na tupu i fafo o ona tuaoi.⁷ Ia Ianuari 1843, na tula’i ai Iosefa i luma o le Faamasinoga Faaitumalo a le Iunaite Setete i Springfield, Ilinoi, lea na faia ai foi e lana loia, o Justin Butterfield, se finauga faapena. “Ou te le manatu e tatau i se tagata ua molia i soo se tulaga ona auina atu i Misuri,” na finau ai Butterfield. “O se mataupu o le talafaasolopito faapea o ia ma ona tagata na fasiotia ma tuliesea mai le setete,” na ia faaopoopo mai ai, ma faaiuina faapea, “o ia o se tagata e le sala ma e le faatupu vevesi.” Na ioeina e le faamasinoga [faamatalaga] a Butterfield ma tatalaina ai Iosefa.⁸

Na faaauau pea ona le manofo John C. Bennett mo le pueina o Iosefa Samita, ma ia Iuni 1843, na tuuina atu ai e le faamasinoga lautele i Misuri se tuuaiga fou i le 1839 moliaga o le fouvale.⁹ Na auina atu e Kovana Reynolds se talosaga i le kovana fou o Ilinoi, o Thomas Ford, ma sa pueina Iosefa i lalo o le tusi a Ford. Na toe tuuina atu foi e le Faamasinoga a le Aai o Navu ia Iosefa le habeas corpus ma i le aso 1 Iulai na mauaina ai molimau e le gata i tulaga faaletulafono o le avefaamalosi, ae faapea foi i solitulafono na faia i le 1838 e faasaga i tagata Mamona i Misuri. Na faasaolotoina o ia e le faamasinoga mai le poloaiga e avefaamalosi.¹⁰ Na faamutaina i lenei mea ia taumafaiga aloaia a le Setete o Misuri e avefaamalosi Iosefa e tula’i i luma o le faamasinoga i le setete. Ae ui i lea, na tumau pea lona popole ina nei toe faafou e ona fili i Misuri a latou taumafaiga e faamalosia o ia i se nofoaga o le a feagai ai ma faamasinoga faaituau ma atonu foi o le oti.¹¹

Punaoa o le Ekalesia

“Appendix 1: Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents, Introduction,” josephsmithpapers.org.

Talaaga o le soifuaga

O lomiga nei o loo tuuina atu ai nisi faamatalaga e uiga i lenei autu. I le faasinoina po o le fesootaia o oe i nei punaoa, matou te le faamaonia pe faamautinoa atu le anomea po o manatu o tusitala.

Andrew H. Hedges and Alex D. Smith, “The Lady and the Governor: Emma Hale Smith’s and Thomas Carlin’s 1842 Correspondence,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 9, no. 2 (Fall 2008), 139–52.

Alexander L. Baugh, “‘We Took Our Change of Venue to the State of Illinois’: The Gallatin Hearing and the Escape of Joseph Smith and the Mormon Prisoners from Missouri, 1839,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 59–82.

Faamatalaga

1. Historical Introduction to “Promissory Note to John Brassfield, 16 April 1839,” in Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 422–26; see Topics: Mormon-Missouri War of 1838, Extermination Order.

2. Joseph Smith and others, “Letter to the Church and Edward Partridge, 20 March 1839,” josephsmithpapers.org.

3. Introduction to “Nauvoo Journals, December 1841–April 1843,” josephsmithpapers.org.

4. O le tagata muamua na leoleoina Iosefa Samita, o Porter Rockwell, sa pueina i Misuri ma faafalepuipuiina mo le vaega tele o le 1843. Na le mafai e vaega lautele o faamasino ona molia o ia mo le taugafana, masalo ona o le leai o se molimau, peitai sa molia o ia, faamasino, ma faasala mo le solaese le tumau mai le falepuipui. Ina ua uma ona tuli lana faasalaga puupuu e lima minute e falepuipui ai, sa toe foi atu Rockwell i Ilinoi. “History of Joseph Smith,” Millennial Star, vol. 22, nos. 33–34 (Aug. 18 and 25, 1860), 518–20, 535–36; Transcript of Proceedings, Nov. 18, 1843, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, 1829–1973, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

5. Jeffrey N. Walker, “Habeas Corpus in Early Nineteenth-Century Mormonism: Joseph Smith’s Legal Bulwark for Personal Freedom,” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 1 (2013), 4–97.

6. Joseph Smith journal, Aug. 8–10, 1842, in Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 129, josephsmithpapers.org.

7. “Nauvoo Female Relief Society, Petition to Thomas Carlin, circa July 22, 1842,” in Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 136–41; Joseph Smith, Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 168–69, josephsmithpapers.org.

8. Joseph Smith journal, Jan. 4, 1843, in Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 1, 21 December 1842–10 March 1843, 72, josephsmithpapers.org; spelling standardized; “Appendix 1: Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents, Introduction,” josephsmithpapers.org.

9. Indictment, June 1843, State of Missouri v. Joseph Smith for Treason, Western Americana Collection, Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

10. Transcript of Proceedings, July 1, 1843, Nauvoo, Illinois, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

11. Introduction to “Nauvoo Journals, May 1843–June 1844,” josephsmithpapers.org.