Tōmasi L. mo ʻElisapeti Keini

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1846, ne ʻaʻahi ai ʻa Tōmasi L. Keini, ko e foha taʻu 24 ʻo ha fakamaau fakapuleʻanga ʻiloa mei Filatelifia, ki he ngaahi ʻapitanga fakataimi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he Vahefonua ʻAiouaá. Naʻe fakamālohiʻi e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ke nau mavahe mei honau kolo ko Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí, pea ne tui ʻa Keini naʻe fakatangaʻi taʻetotonu kinautolu koeʻuhi ko ʻenau tui fakalotú ʻi ha fonua naʻá ne pehē ʻokú ne maluʻi e tauʻatāina ʻo e tui fakalotú. Naʻe fakalotoa ia ʻe he loto moʻoni ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní pea naʻá ne ongoʻi ʻenau faingataʻaʻiá. Neongo ne ʻikai ke ne kau ki heʻenau tui fakalotú, ka naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Keini ke ne taukapoʻi e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní. ʻI he taʻu ʻe tolungofulu ka hokó, naʻá ne ngāue ko ha taukapo mo e faifaleʻi ne hoko ko ha takiekina lahi ʻi he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, ʻo ngāue mo e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻanga ʻo ʻAmeliká ke maluʻi e ngaahi totonu fakalotu mo fakapolitikalé ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoní. Naʻá ne toe ngāue foki ki ha ngaahi liliu fakasōsiale, ʻo kau ai e ngaahi faingamālie lahi ange mo e totonu maʻá e kakai fefiné mo hono taʻofi fakaʻaufuli ʻo e nofo hopoaté.¹

tā valivali ʻo Tōmasi L. Keini

Tā valivali ʻo Tōmasi L. Keini.

ʻI he angalelei ʻa e Potungāue Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

Ne ʻilo ʻa Keini ʻo kau ki he Kau Māʻoniʻoní ʻi he ngaahi lipooti ʻa e nusipepá pea ʻi heʻene kau ki ha fakataha ʻi Filatelifia, ʻo ne fakaʻaongaʻi ai e niʻihi naʻá ne ʻiloʻi fakapolitikalé ke tokoni ki hono fakalotoʻi ʻo e palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ko Sēmisi K. Poloko ke ne fakamafaiʻi ha patalione sōtia ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ki he Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmelika. Ne tuku atu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e ngāue tokoni ʻa e kau tangata ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi ha ʻamanaki atu ʻe tokoni hono totongi kinautolú ki he fakamole ʻo e hikifonua ki he Hihifó.² Lolotonga ‘ene nofo mo e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ʻi he ngaahi ʻapitangá, ne puke lahi ʻaupito ʻa Keini pea naʻe tauhi ia ʻe he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻo ne toe moʻui lelei. Kimuʻa peá ne mavahé, ne maʻu ʻe Keini ha tāpuaki fakapēteliake ʻa ia ne talaʻofa ai kiate ia ʻe tauhi hono hingoá “ʻi he fakamanatu fakalangilangi” ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní “ki he ngaahi toʻu tangata kotoa pē.”³ Hili ‘ene foki ki Filatelifiá, ne kamataʻi ʻe Keini ha kemipeini ne mafola lahi ki he vā ʻo e kakaí maʻá e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní.

Ne hoko ʻa e kau mai ʻa Keiní ke ne tokoniʻi ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ʻi ha ngaahi taimi mahuʻinga lahi. ʻI he 1850, ne hoko hono ivi takiekina mo e palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa Milati Filamoá ke iku fili ai ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ko e fuofua kōvana ʻo e vahefonua ʻIutaá. Hili ha taʻu ʻe fitu mei ai, ne fakalalahi e ngaahi fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e puleʻanga fakafonuá mo e kakai ʻo ʻIutaá, pea ne maʻu ʻe Keini ha tuʻutuʻuni ne ʻikai fakaʻofisiale mei he palesiteni ʻo ʻAmelika ko Sēmisi L. Piukēnaní ke ne fononga ki ʻIutā mo fai e ngaahi alea fakamelinó. Naʻá ne fua pē ʻa e fakamole ki heʻene fonongá pea foua ha fakatuʻutāmaki lahi ke aʻu ki ʻIutā pea ne alea fakapuleʻanga ai mo ʻIongi mo e kau ʻōfisa ʻo e Kautau ʻAmeliká ke taʻofi ha fepaki fakakautau.⁴

Hili ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi mei ai, ne tau ʻa Keini ʻi he Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká, ko e tupu mei heʻene ngaahi fakakaukau ke taʻofi e nofo hopoaté. Hili iá, naʻá ne hokohoko atu ke faleʻi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí. Ne fononga ʻa Keini lolotonga e faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1872–73 ki ʻIutā, fakataha mo hono uaifi ko ʻElisapeti Tenisitouni Uti Keiní, mo e toko ua ʻo hona ngaahi fohá. Ne nau ʻamanaki atu ʻe tokoni e ʻea lelei ʻo e fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá ki he moʻui lelei ʻa Keiní, he naʻe mahamahaki pea toe fakaʻau ke fakalalahi ange ʻi hono ngaahi kafo mo e mahaki lolotonga ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonuá. Ne fiefia ʻa ʻElisapeti, ʻa ia ne faʻa huʻuhuʻu ki he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní koeʻuhi ko ʻenau fakahoko e mali tokolahí, ʻi he kau fefine ʻo e fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá.⁵ Naʻá ne faʻu ʻa e Twelve Mormon Homes, ko ha tohi naʻá ne ʻomi ha fakakaukau hāhāmolofia ki he moʻui mo hono maluʻi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní mei he vakai ʻa ha taha mei tuʻa. Lolotonga e taʻu ʻe hongofulu ka hokó, naʻe hokohoko atu hono maluʻi ʻe Tōmasi ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní mei he ngaahi ʻohofi fakapolitikalé, tohi ʻa e tohituku ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, mo taukapoʻi ʻa e ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi Mekisikoú, ʻo aʻu ki haʻane fononga ki he fonua ko iá lolotonga ʻo ha tau fakalotofonua ke fekumi ki ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻe ala nofoʻi. ʻI heʻene pekia ʻi he 1883, ko e taha ʻo ʻene ngaahi kole fakaʻosí ke ʻoatu ʻe ʻElisapeti ha fakamāvae lelei ki hono “ngaahi kaungāmeʻa ʻofeina Māmongá.”⁶

tā ʻo ʻElisapeti Tenisitouni Uti Keini

Tā ʻo ʻElisapeti Tenisitouni Uti Keini.

ʻI he angalelei ʻa e Potungāue Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻo e Siasí

Norman R. Bowen and Albert L. Zobell Jr., “General Thomas L. Kane: The Pioneer,” Ensign, Oct. 1971, 2–5.

Lance B. Wickman, “Thomas L. Kane: Outrider for Zion,” Ensign, Sept. 2003, 56–63.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau fakamoʻoniʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Matthew J. Grow, “Liberty to the Downtrodden”: Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009).

Elizabeth Wood Kane, Twelve Mormon Homes Visited in Succession on a Journey through Utah to Arizona (Philadelphia: 1874).

Richard E. Bennett, “‘He Is Our Friend’: Thomas L. Kane and the Mormons in Exodus, 1846–1850,” BYU Studies, vol. 48, no. 4 (2009), 36–56.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká, Patalione Māmongá, Tau ʻa ʻIutaá

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Vakai ki he Tefito: Nofo Hopoaté mo hono Tuku Fakaʻaufulí.

2. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefito: Patalione Māmongá; Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká.

3. Lance B. Wickman, “Thomas L. Kane: Outrider for Zion,” Ensign, Sept. 2003, 60. Vakai ki he Tefito: Ngaahi Tāpuaki Faka-Pēteliaké.

4. Vakai ki he Tefito: Tau ʻa ʻIutaá.

5. Vakai ki he Tefito: Mali Tokolahi ʻi ʻIutaá.

6. Matthew J. Grow, “Liberty to the Downtrodden”: Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 282.