Fineʻofá

Naʻe fokotuʻu e Kautaha Fineʻofa ʻo e Kakai Fefine ʻo Nāvuú ʻi Māʻasi ʻo e 1842.¹ Neongo naʻe ʻikai toe hokohoko atu e ngaahi ʻekitivitī ʻa e Fineʻofá ʻi Māʻasi ʻo e 1845, ka naʻe kei hokohoko atu pē e fekau naʻe fai ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ki he houʻeiki fafiné ke nau tokoniʻi ʻa e masivá mo fakamoʻui e ngaahi laumālié.² Neongo naʻe ʻikai ha kautaha totonu ne fokotuʻu, ka naʻe hokohoko atu e fakataha mai ʻa e houʻeiki fafine ʻo e Siasí ke lotu, hiva, mo fakamoʻoni pea ke fetāpuekinaʻaki kinautolu, honau ngaahi familí, kau faingataʻaʻiá, mo e masivá.

Ko Hono Toe Fokotuʻu ʻo e Fineʻofá

ʻI he 1845 he malumalu ʻo e fakahinohino ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, naʻe kamata ke toe fokotuʻutuʻu e houʻeiki fafiné ʻi he Fineʻofa fakalotofonuá.³ Naʻe tokoni e kau fefiné ki honau ngaahi kaungāʻapi ʻInitia Kulá, tokoni ki he Kāingalotu masivesivá, lalanga e kāpeti ki he ʻapisiasí, mo tokoni ki hono ngaohi ʻo e vala maʻá e kāingalotu sōtia ne nau maluʻi e Vahefonua ʻIutaá. Naʻe fokotuʻu ha uooti Fineʻofa ʻe 24, ka naʻe fakangata ʻe he kau taumaluʻi fonua fakafonuá ʻi heʻenau tūʻuta atu he 1857 e ngaahi ngāue ko ʻení.⁴

ʻI he taʻu 1867, naʻe hohaʻa ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he tokolahi e Kāingalotu ne hiki mai ki ʻIutā ʻa ia ne nau faingataʻaʻiá pea mo e fie maʻu ko ia ke nau malava ʻo poupouʻi fakapaʻanga pē kinautolú. Naʻá ne ui ʻa ʻIlisa R. Sinou ke tokoni ki he kau pīsopé ʻi hono toe fokotuʻu ʻo e Kau Fineʻofá. ʻI heʻene hoko ko ha sekelitali ʻo e Kautaha Fineʻofa Nāvuú, naʻe lekooti pea tauhi ai ʻe Sinou e miniti ʻo e ngaahi fakatahá pea fakaʻaongaʻi ia ki hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi kautaha foʻoú.

pena

Ngaahi fuka fakamanatu ʻo e siupeli taʻu 50 ʻo e Siasí.

Ko ha Kautaha Tefito

Naʻe vave e tupu tokolahi ʻa e Ngaahi Kautaha Fineʻofa ne toki kamataʻi ʻi ʻIutaá—ʻi he taʻu 1869, naʻe laka ange he vaʻa ʻe 100 ne ʻosi ngāué. Ne hoko e tupulakí ke nau toe uouongataha ange ai, pea ʻi he taʻu 1877, naʻe fokotuʻu ai e fuofua Kautaha Fineʻofa fakasiteikí ʻi ʻOkiteni, ʻIutā, ʻa ia naʻe palesiteni ai ʻa Seini Sinaita Lisiate. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo fokotuʻu ʻa e Kautaha Fineʻofa Fakasiteikí ʻi ʻIutā kotoa, pea hili ha taʻu ʻe tolu mei ai, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Sione Teila ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ʻa ʻIlisa R. Sinou ko e palesiteni fakakātoa ʻo e Ngaahi Kautaha Fineʻofá. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Sinou ha kōmiti tefito naʻe ʻiloa kimui ange ko e poate lahi ʻa e Fineʻofá. Naʻe tupulaki e tokolahi ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻi loto ʻi ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu ki he meimei toko 17,000 ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, Kānata, ʻIngilani, Sikotilani, Siamane, Suisalani, Noaue, Suēteni, Tenimaʻake, ʻOtu Motu Pasifikí, ʻAositelēlia, mo Nuʻu Sila.⁵

kau fafine ʻoku nau ngāue

Kau fafine ʻoku nau ngāue ki he siliká.

Naʻe kau e kau mēmipa ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻi he senituli 19 ki ha ngaahi kautaha lahi ʻo kau ai hono tauhi ʻo e kēlení, ngaohi ʻo e siliká, ngaahi falekoloa fakakulupú, ngaahi meʻa fakafaitoʻó mo e totonu ʻa e houʻeiki fafiné ke filí.⁶ Naʻe ʻiloʻi foki ʻe he kau takí e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e toʻu tupú mo e fānaú pea tokoni ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Ngaahi Kautaha Fakalakalaka ʻo e Mutualé mo e Palaimelí.⁷ Naʻe loto ʻaki ʻe he Kau Fineʻofá hono taukapoʻi e tauʻatāina ʻo e tui fakalotú ʻi he fakautuutu ʻa e teke mei he puleʻangá ke taʻofi e mali tokolahí. ʻI he kamataʻangá naʻe ngāue e Kau Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻi ʻIutaá ko ha kau metuloni temipale.

Fehangahangai mo e Ngaahi Faingataʻa ʻo e Senituli 20

ʻI he senituli 20, naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe he Kau Fineʻofá ha ngaahi liliu ke hoa mo ha māmani ne fakaʻau ke fakasaienisi mo fakaeonopooni ange. Naʻe tokanga taha e ngaahi polokalama ʻa e Kau Fineʻofá ki he fakalakalaka fakakoló. Naʻe fakalele ʻe he Fineʻofá lolotonga e ngāue ʻa e kau palesitenisī ʻa Patisepa W. Sāmitá ha ngaahi kalasi ʻi he taukei fakaetauhi ʻapí mo e nēsí pea fakalele ha ʻōfisi ki he kumi ngāué maʻá e houʻeiki fafiné.⁸ Naʻe fie foaki ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻenau kēleni ne tauhí ke tokoni ki he Kau ʻInitia Kula ʻi ʻIutaá, niʻihi ne maʻu ʻe he honge ʻi Siaina he 1907, mo e niʻihi ne hao mei he mofuike ʻo e 1909 ʻi Seni Felenisisikoú.⁹ ʻI he malumalu ʻo e tataki ʻa ʻEmeline B. Uelé ʻi he 1915, naʻe fetongi ʻe he Relief Society Magazine, ʻa e nusipepa Woman’s Exponent ko ha nusipepa fakaonopooni ange ia mo ha naunau fakalēsoni, ngaahi lipooti mei he ngaahi ʻiuniti fakalotofonuá, mo ha faleʻi ki hono tokangaʻi ʻo e ʻapí.¹⁰ Naʻe tataki ʻe ʻEimi Palauni Laimani, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e poate lahí ʻi he taʻu 1920 tupú e ngaahi ngāue ke fakaʻaongaʻi e ngaahi founga ngāue fakaonopooni fakasōsialé ʻi he ngaahi polokalama ʻa e Fineʻofá, mo fakahoko ha ngaahi ako ki he kau feitamá mo e tuʻunga lelei ʻa e fānaú.

ʻI he taimi tatau, ne fehangahangai e Fineʻofá mo e fatongia mamafa ʻo e fakafenāpasi ki he houalotu feliliuaki ʻa e Siasí. ʻI he tataki ʻa Patisepa Sāmitá, naʻe tānaki ʻe he Kau Fineʻofá ha paʻanga ki ha fale maʻá e houʻeiki fafiné ʻi Temipale Sikueá—ka naʻe hiki e ngaahi ʻōfisi lahi ʻa e Fineʻofá ki he Fale maʻá e Pīsopé.¹¹ Naʻe fetongi ʻaki e ngaahi holo Fineʻofa fakauōtí ha loki ʻi he ngaahi ʻapisiasi fakalotofonuá.¹² Naʻe fakangata e polokalama fakatolonga kēleni ʻa e Fineʻofá ʻa ia kuo fuoloa ʻene lelé ʻi he 1918, ʻi hono fakatau atu ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí e kēlení ki he puleʻanga ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke tokoni ki he Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono 1.¹³ Naʻe kamata ʻi he 1936 ʻa hono fakahoko ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e Fineʻofá ha ngāue mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻi he Palani foʻou ʻa e Siasí ki he Malú, ʻa ia ne ʻiloa kimui ange ko e palani uelofeá.¹⁴

Fineʻofá hili ʻa e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II

ʻI he taʻu 1950 tupú, ʻi he malumalu ʻo e tataki ʻa Pele S. Sipāfooti, ko e Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá mo Tēvita O. Makei ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, naʻe toe tānaki ʻe he kau Fineʻofá ha paʻanga ki ha fale ʻi he Temipale Sikueá, ʻa ia naʻe fakatapui ʻi he 1956.¹⁵ Naʻe hokohoko atu e ngāue ʻa e Fineʻofá ʻo tupulaki ʻi hono fakahoko ʻe he ngaahi fengāueʻaki faka-Siasilahí e ngaahi meʻa ne fie maʻu ʻe he Fineʻofá ʻi he malumalu ʻo e tataki ʻa e kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeiki fakalotofonua mo fakalūkufuá. ʻI he aʻu ki he 1970, naʻe ʻave e fatongia ʻo e feinga paʻangá, ngaahi makasiní, mo e uelofeá ki he ngaahi kōmiti mo e tafaʻaki ngāue ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe kamata ʻi he 1971 ʻa hono lesisita e fefine taʻu 18 mo motuʻa ange kotoa peé ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Fineʻofá. Naʻe taʻofi mo e fie maʻu ha totongi ke kau atu ki aí.¹⁶

Lolotonga e ngaahi taʻu 1970 tupú, naʻe fakamamafaʻi ʻe Papulā B. Sāmita e ngaahi fatongia ʻi ʻapi mo e fāmilí pea lea fekauʻaki mo e Monomono ki he Lao ʻo e Ngaahi Totonu Tataú ʻa ia ne kei tālangaʻi ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití; naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ʻe he Palesiteni Lahi hokó, ʻa Papulā Uinitā ʻa e fakaakeaké hili ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu ʻo e māvahevahé.¹⁷ ʻI he taʻu 1990 tupú, naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he Palesiteni Lahi ko ʻIleini L. Siakí ha taimi ki hono vakaiʻi ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻa e houʻeiki fafine ʻi he māmaní peá ne kamataʻi ha polokalama foʻou ki he tohí mo e laukongá.¹⁸

Kuo ʻiloʻi fakamāmani lahi ʻa e Fineʻofá ko ʻenau ngaahi ngāue ke tataki e houʻeiki fafiné ʻi he ngaahi ngāue fakalaumālie, ngāue tokoni fakafāmili mo fakakoló, tuʻunga fakafalala pē kiate kita fakaʻekonōmiká, mo e ngaahi ngāue tokoni ʻofa fakaetangatá mo e kumi hūfangá. Naʻe hokohoko atu e hoko ʻa e Fineʻofá ko ha leʻo mahuʻinga ʻi he ngaahi fakataha alēlea ʻa e Siasí: hangē pē ko e ngāue ʻa e kau taki Fineʻofa fakalotofonuá ʻi heʻenau ngaahi fakataha alēlea fakauōtí mo e koló, naʻe kamata ʻi he taʻu 2016 ke tokoni e Kau ʻOfisa Lahi ʻa e Fineʻofá ki he Fakataha Alēlea Pule ʻa e Lakanga Fakataulaʻeikí, Fakataha Alēlea Pule Fakafaifekaú mo e Fakataha Alēlea ʻa e Temipalé mo e Hisitōlia Fakafāmilí.

ko ha ongo fafine ʻokú na fāʻofua

Naʻe tokoni e houʻeiki fafine Fineʻofá ke fakafekauʻaki e ngaahi ngāue tokoní hili ha mofuike lahi ʻi Silei.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Ngaahi ʻOfefine ʻi Hoku Puleʻangá: Ko e Hisitōlia mo e Ngāue ʻa e Fineʻofá (2011).

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau fakamoʻoniʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, mo Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016).

Jill Mulvay Derr, Janath Russell Cannon, mo Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, Women of Covenant: The Story of Relief Society (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Kautaha Fineʻofa ʻo e Kakai Fefine ʻo Nāvuú, Eliza R. Snow, Zina D. H. Jacobs Young, Emmeline B. Wells, Primary, Young Women Organizations.

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. ʻI he Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 23–37. Vakai foki ki he Tefito: Kautaha Fineʻofa ʻo e Kakai Fefine ʻo Nāvuú.

2. Vakai ki he Tefito: Mavahe mei Nāvuú

3. Richard L. Jensen, “Forgotten Relief Societies, 1844–67,” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 16, no. 1 (Spring 1983), 109. Vakai foki ki he Tefito: Kau ʻInitia Kulá.

4. Vakai ki he Tefito: Utah War.

5. In Derr and others, The First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 405, 437–39.

6. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefito: Pioneer Women and Medicine, Women’s Suffrage, Cooperative Movement.

7. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefito: Retrenchment, Young Women Organizations, Primary.

8. Jill Mulvay Derr, Janath Russell Cannon, and Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, Women of Covenant: The Story of Relief Society (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992), 157–60, 166–67, 233, 237.

9. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 165–66.

10. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 189.

11. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 174–76.

12. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 242–43.

13. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 210–14.

14. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 255–61.

15. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 327–29; “A Home of Our Own,” history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

16. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 345.

17. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 366–70, 384–91.

18. Derr and others, Women of Covenant, 409–13, 419.