Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká

Naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he ʻAho Kilisimasi ʻo e 1832, ha fakahā fekauʻaki mo ha fekeʻikeʻi ʻe hoko ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Fakatonga mo e Fakatokelau ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi hono tālangaʻi ʻo e nofo pōpulá. Naʻe fakahā ʻe he ʻEikí, ʻe kamata e taú ʻi Kalolaina Saute pea ʻe iku ia ki ha tau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e “ngaahi puleʻanga kotoa pē.”¹ ʻI he taimi ko iá, ne lolotonga hoko ha palopalema ʻi he fakafisi ʻa Saute Kalolaina ke tali e ngaahi tute fakapuleʻangá, pea ne hohaʻa ha kau ʻAmelika tokolahi naʻa fakalalahi ʻo iku ki ha tau fakalotofonua. Neongo ne fakaʻehiʻehi e puleʻangá mei he tau fakalotofonuá ʻi he taimi ko iá, ka ne kei hokohoko atu pē e ngaahi fekeʻikeʻi fekauʻaki mo e nofo pōpulá, pea naʻe toe fakalalahi ai e tō kehekehe fakasōsiale, fakapolitikale, mo fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Fakatokelau mo e Fakatonga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití.

Lolotonga e fili palesiteni ʻo e 1860, ne vakai ʻa e kau taki fakapolitikalé mo e kau fili ʻi he ngaahi vahefonua Fakatongá ki he kau ʻa ʻĒpalahame Lingikoni ki he filí ko ha fakamanamana ia ki he faʻunga ʻo e nofo pōpulá. ʻI he taimi ne ikunaʻi ai ʻe Lingikoni e filí, ne kamata leva ʻe ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi vahefonua Fakatongá, ʻo kamata mei Kalolaine Saute, ke talaki ʻenau tauʻatāina mei he ʻIunioní pea fokotuʻu mo ha puleʻanga mavahe naʻe ui ko e Konifetalasí (Confederacy). Hili hono fakanofo ʻo Lingikoni ʻi he 1861, ne hoko ha kē ʻi Footi Samatā, Kalolaina Saute, ke fakalalahi ai ki ha fepaki fakakautau ʻi he fana ʻe ha kulupu ʻo e Konifetalasí ʻa e kolotaú. Ne fekauʻi ʻe Lingikoni ha kau ngāue tokoni ke nau taʻofi e angatuʻú, pea naʻe kamata leva ke fakafaʻafaʻahi ʻa e toenga ʻo e ngaahi vahefonua ʻi he Fakatongá ki he tafaʻaki Konifetalasí pe ko e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe siofi fakalelei ʻe he ngaahi puleʻanga ʻIulopé e kamataʻanga ʻo e taú ni, pea naʻe kamataʻi ʻe ha niʻihi ha fetuʻutaki fakavahaʻapuleʻanga mo e Konifetalasí koeʻuhí ko ha taumuʻa fakapolitikale, ko e fakaʻamu ke nau tuʻu vahaʻa ʻi he taú maʻá e ngaahi vahefonua ʻi he Fakatongá. Naʻe fakalalahi ʻa e tau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e Konifetalasí lolotonga iá ne kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e fekeʻikeʻí ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi.² Naʻe faifai pea fekumi ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke fakatokolahi ʻenau kau taú ʻa ia ne kau ai ha kau tangata ʻAfilika ʻAmelika ʻe toko 179,000, ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ko ha kau pōpula kimuʻa, ke nau tauʻi ʻa e faʻahi Konifetalasí.

Footi Samataá

Footi Samataá.

Ne hokohoko atu e muimui ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he ui fakaepalōfita ke tānaki ki Saione ʻi he Fakahihifo ʻo ʻAmeliká pea nau fakaʻehiʻehi ai mei he taú. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi kolo ʻo e Siasí ne nau kei nofo pē ʻi he ngaahi ʻēlia ne fai ai e taú, ʻo kau ai ha niʻihi ʻo e Kāingalotú ki he ongo tafaʻaki fakafepakí fakatouʻosi. ʻI he 1861, ne fekauʻi atu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ha kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ʻi ha misiona ke fokotuʻu ha kautaha ngaohi vavae ʻo ofi ki Seni Siaosi, ʻIutā. Naʻe hoko e misioná ko ha kautaha ngaohi vavae mahuʻinga hili ia hano taʻofi fakalao ʻe he faʻahi Konifetalasí ʻa e fefakatauʻaki ʻo e koloá ni.³ ‘I he hokohoko atu ʻa e taú, ne kole tokoni ʻa Lingikoni kia ʻIongi ke tānaki ha ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautau ngāue tokoni ke maluʻi hono feʻaveʻaki e meilí, mākoní, mo e kau fononga ʻi he halanga kelekelé. Ne tali ʻeni ʻaki hano vahe ʻe he tokoni ʻo ʻIongí, Taniela H. Uele, ʻa ia naʻe hoko foki ko e seniale pule ʻi he vaʻa fakakautau ʻo ʻIutaá, ke taki ʻe Lote Sāmita ha kulupu fakahaofi naʻe feʻunga mo ha kau sōtia ʻe toko 100 tupu siʻi. Naʻe ngāue ʻa e kulupu fakahaofi ʻa Sāmitá ʻi ha māhina ʻe fā ʻi he 1862.

Naʻe hoko ʻa e tukulolo ʻa Seniale Lōpeti E. Lī ʻo e faʻahi Konifetalasí ʻi Veisinia ʻi ʻEpeleli ʻo e 1865 ke fakangata ai pē ʻa e Tau Fakalotofonuá. Naʻe iku ʻa e taú ke mālōlō ai ha kakai ʻe toko 700,000 tupu ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ko e tokolahi taha ia kuo mate ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo ʻAmeliká koeʻuhí ko ha fekeʻikeʻi.⁴ Ko e ola mahuʻinga taha ʻo e taú ko hono fakangata ʻo e fakalaoʻi ʻo e nofo pōpulá pea mo hono fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻo e kau pōpula ʻAfilika ʻAmeliká.⁵

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Jed Woodworth, “Peace and War: D&C 87,” ʻi he Matthew McBride and James Goldberg, eds., Revelations in Context: The Stories behind the Sections of the Doctrine and Covenants (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2016), 158–64.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Kenneth L. Alford, ed., Utah and the American Civil War: The Written Record (Norman, Oklahoma: Arthur H. Clark, 2017).

Kenneth L. Alford, ed., Civil War Saints (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, 2012).

David F. Boone, “The Church and the Civil War,” ʻi he Robert C. Freeman, ed., Nineteenth-Century Saints at War (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, 2006), 113–39.

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. “Revelation, 25 December 1832 [D&C 87],” ʻi he Revelation Book 2, 32–33, josephsmithpapers.org.

2. Ki ha hisitōlia voliume-taha lelei fekauʻaki mo e taú mo hono puipuituʻá, vakai ki he James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).

3. S. George Ellsworth, “Heeding the Prophet’s Call,” Ensign, Oct. 1995, 40–41.

4. J. David Hacker, “A Census-Based Account of the Civil War Dead,” Civil War History, vol. 57, no. 4 (Dec. 2011), 307–48.

5. Vakai ki he Tefito: Indian Slavery and Indentured Servitude.