Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Helemuti Hupinā

Helemuti Hupinā

Ko Helemuti Kanitā Hupinā (1925–42), ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ʻi Hamipoki, Siamane, ko e tokotaha siʻisiʻi taha ia ʻi he fakafepaki ʻa Siamane ki he kau Nasisí ʻa ia ne fakapoongi ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e Fakamaauʻanga Makehe ʻa e Kakaí (Volksgerichtshof) ʻi Pēliní.1 Naʻe kamata ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1941, ʻa hono faʻu ʻe Hupinā ha fanga kiʻi fakamatala hohoko ʻi ha laʻipepa tufa ke fakafepaki ki he kau Nasí ʻa ia ne kau ai ʻene ngaahi fakamatala fakapolitikalé mo e ngaahi tatau ʻo e ngaahi fakamafola fakaletiō ʻa honau Faʻahi Tokoní. ʻI he tokoni ʻa e toʻu tupu kehé, naʻá ne tufaki ai e fanga kiʻi laʻipepá ki he kotoa ʻo Hamipokí. ʻI Fēpueli ʻo e 1942, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ai ʻe he Fakamaauʻangá ʻoku halaia ʻa Hupinā ʻi he “faʻufaʻu ke fakahoko ha talisone fakatuʻutāmaki mo ha poupou lavaki ki he filí” pea naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ai ke fakapoongi ia; naʻe toe fakahalaiaʻi foki ʻe he fakamaauʻangá ʻa hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻa ʻe toko tolu ko Lutolofi Uopi, Kali-Haini Sinipei, mo Keahati Tiuea ko e “fanongo ki ha kautaha letiō muli mo hono tufaki e ngaahi ongoongo ʻo e letiō mulí.” Naʻe fakapoongi ʻa Hupinā hili ha māhina ʻe valu mei hono taʻu 17. Naʻe tauteaʻi ʻa Uopi, Sinipei, mo Tiuea ke nau ngāue pōpula pea naʻa nau nofo pē ʻi he ngaahi ʻapitanga pōpulá ʻo aʻu ki he ʻosi ʻa e Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní.2

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Hupinā ʻi Hamipoki ʻi he 1925. Naʻe ngāue ʻa ʻene faʻē taautaha ko ʻEma Kutati Kunikelí ke tokoniʻi ʻa Helemuti pea mo hono ongo taʻokete naʻa nau faʻē tahá, ko Hanisi mo Keahati. Ko hono olá, naʻe lahi ange nofo ʻa Helemuti mo hono ongo taʻoketé ʻi heʻenau kei talavoú mo ʻenau kui fefine ko Uilimina Satiloú, ʻa ia ne nofo ofi atu pē.3 ʻI he 1939, naʻe mali ʻa ʻEma mo Huiko Hupinā, ko ha tokotaha ngāue langa mo ha mēmipa ʻo e Paati ʻa e kau Nasí, ʻa ia naʻá ne pusiakiʻi kimui ange ʻa Helemuti. Naʻe fehiʻa ʻa e husepāniti foʻou ʻo ʻEmá ʻi he Siasí pea naʻe kamata ke tāututuku e mālohi [ʻa ʻEma] ʻi he Siasí hili ʻena malí, mahalo ke fakafiemālieʻi [hono husepānití]. Ka neongo ia, naʻe kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e maʻulotu ʻa Helemuti mo hono ongo tokouá mo ʻenau kui fefiné.4

Hangē ko honau ngaahi kaungāʻapí, naʻe ʻuluaki vakai e Kāingalotu Siamané ki he ngaahi talaʻofa ʻa e Paati Nasí ke fakafoʻou e tuʻunga pau fakaʻekonōmiká mo fakalahi e ongoʻi polepole fakafonuá, ʻi he ʻamanaki lelei. Naʻe kau atu ha kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ki he pātí kae fakafepakiʻi fefeka ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ke pulé. Ka naʻe ʻi ai pē mo ha niʻihi ne ʻikai ke nau kau ki ha tafaʻaki.5 Naʻe mamata tonu ʻa Helemuti Hupinā ki he faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e kau atu ki he pātí. Naʻe hoko ʻene palesiteni fakakolo ko ʻAfa Sanitā ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Paati Nasí, pea naʻá ne fakamālohiʻi e kāingalotu ʻo e koló ke nau fanongo ki he ngaahi fakamafola fakaletiō ʻa e pātí, fakamanamana ke lipooti e kāingalotu ʻoku kau ki ha ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakafepaki ki he puleʻangá, pea ʻi he 1938, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ha fakaʻilonga ʻi he matapā ʻo e falelotú ne fakahā ai ʻoku ʻikai talitali lelei e kakai Siú.6 Naʻe ʻi ai ha kāingalotu tokosiʻi ne nau tui honau teunga fakakautaú mo e teunga ngāue fakapuleʻangá ki he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻa e Siasí. Kae lolotonga iá, naʻe malangaʻi ʻe ʻOto Pēnati, ko e palesiteni fakavahefonua ʻo Hamipokí, ʻo fakafepakiʻi mei he tuʻunga malangá ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e puleʻangá, naʻá ne poupouʻi fakapulipuli ʻa e fakafepaki ʻa e kāingalotú, peá ne faʻa luelue fakataha mo e kau papi ului Siú. Neongo naʻe ʻuluaki kau ʻa Hupinā ʻi he Jungvolk fakalotofonuá (ko e kulupu naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he kau Nasí maʻá e fānau ne fuʻu kei siʻi ke kau ki he Toʻu Tupu ʻa Hitilaá), ka naʻe fakaʻau pē ʻo ne fakafisingaʻi e fakakaukau ʻa e pātí.7

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1941, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Hupinā ha kiʻi letiō ʻa hono tokoua ko Keahatí pea naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke fanongo ai ki he ngaahi fakamafola ongoongo he poʻulí mei he Kautaha Fakamafolalea ʻa Pilitāniá (BBC)—ko ha hia ia ʻi he malumalu ʻo e lao ʻa e kau Nasí. Naʻe faʻa kau fakataha mo ia ha ongo kaungāmeʻa mei he lotú ko Kali-Haini Sinipei mo Lutolofi (Luti) Uopi. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo kamata ke faʻu ʻe Hupinā ha ʻū laʻipepa tufa ke fakafepaki ki he kau Nasí ʻa ia ne ʻasi ai ha fakamatala mei he ngaahi fakamafolá fakataha mo ʻene fakamatala pē ʻaʻaná. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Hupinā ha pepa kāponi mo ha ongo mīsini taipe naʻe kole mei he kolo [ʻo e Siasí], peá ne ʻai ha tatau ʻo e ʻū laʻipepa ko ʻení, ʻa ia naʻá ne hanga mo Sinipei mo Uopi ʻo fakapipiki ki he papa fanongonongo ʻa e kau Nasí, tufaki he ʻū veʻehala femoʻuekiná, pea mono ki he ʻū puha meilí.8 Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo fakaafeʻi ʻe Hupinā ha ngaahi maheni toʻu tupu kehe ke nau tokoni. Naʻe tokoni ʻa Keahati Tiuea, ʻa ia naʻe ngāue fakataha mo Hupinā ʻi he Mafai Fakasōsiale ʻo Hamipokí (Sozialbehörde), ke fakalahi ʻa hono tufaki [ʻo e ʻū laʻipepa tufá]. ʻI ha fetuʻutaki taʻeʻiloa, naʻe toe fokotuʻutuʻu foki ʻe Hupinā ke hiki tatau ʻe ha mīsini paaki ʻi Kieli ʻa e ʻū laʻipepá ke toe lahi ange.9 ʻI ha māhina ʻe 10, kuo paaki ʻe Hupinā ha ʻū laʻipepa tufa kehekehe ke poleʻi ʻaki ʻa e pātí mo fakakikihi ʻaki ʻa e fakamatala fakaʻofisiale ʻo e taú. Naʻá ne fakaangaʻi fakahangatonu foki ha kau fakafofonga ʻo e pātí. Naʻe tohi ʻe Hupinā ʻi ha laʻipepa ʻe taha ʻo pehē, ʻE “ʻave kimoutolu [ʻe he Takí] ʻo tautau toko lauiafe ki he afí kae lava ke fakaʻosi e hia naʻá ne kamataʻí. ʻE lauiafe ʻa homou ngaahi uaifi mo e fānau te nau hoko ko e kau uitou mo e fānau paea. Pea ʻe iku noa pē!”10

ʻI Fēpueli ʻo e 1942, naʻe puke pōpula ʻe he kau fakafofonga Kesitapó ʻa Hupinā, Uopi, Sinipei, mo Tiuea ko e fakaʻilo ki ha ngaahi hia kehekehe ʻi he malumalu ʻo e lao ʻa e kau Nasí, kau ai ʻa e “teuteu ki he talisone fakatuʻutāmakí.”11 ʻI he ʻaho 11 ʻo ʻAokosí, lolotonga ha hopo naʻe laka hake he houa ʻe hivá, naʻe fakamāuʻi ai ʻa e toko faá ʻe ha mēmipa ʻe toko tolu ʻo e Fakamaauʻanga Makehe ʻa e Kakaí ʻi Pēliní.12 Naʻe halaia kotoa ʻa e toko faá. Naʻe tautea mate ʻa Hupinā, kae tauteaʻi ʻa Uopi, Sinipei mo Tiuea ke nau ngāue pōpula ʻi he ngaahi ʻapitangá ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 4 ki he 10. Naʻe tamateʻi ʻa Hupinā ʻaki e tuʻusi hono ʻulú ʻi he ʻaho 27 ʻo ʻOkatopa 1942.13

ʻĪmisi
Holisi Fakamanatu Gedenkstätte Plötzensee

Holisi Fakamanatu Gedenkstätte Plötzensee ʻi Pēlini, Siamané, ʻa ia naʻe tamateʻi ai ʻa Hupinaá.

Hili ha taimi nounou mei hono puke pōpula ʻo Hupinaá, naʻe tohi ʻe he palesiteni fakakolo ko ʻAfa Sānitaá ʻa e “tuʻusi mei he Siasí” ʻi he lekooti mēmipasipi ʻo Helemutí. Ka naʻe ʻikai loto ʻa e palesiteni fakavahefonua ko ʻOto Pēnatí ke kaungā fakamoʻoni hingoa ki ai. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe ʻAnitoni Haki, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e kau palesitenisī ʻo e Misiona ʻIulopé, ʻa e fakamoʻoni hingoa hono uá. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha kau taki ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí kimui ange naʻa nau fakataumuʻá ke fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e Siasí meia Hupinā ke maluʻi e Kāingalotú mei hono ʻitengia ʻe he kau ʻōfisa Nasí. Hili e Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní, naʻe toe fakafoki ʻa Hupinā ki he Siasí ʻi he hili ʻene pekiá, pea ʻi he 1948, naʻe fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi ouau fakatemipale fakafofongá kiate ia.14

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi hili e Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní, kuo fakamanatua ʻa Helemuti Hupinā ʻi heʻene fakafepaki ki he Nasí. Kuo fokotuʻu ha ngaahi fakaʻaliʻali ko e fakamanatua ʻi he ʻapiako ako ngāue ʻi Hamipoki, ʻi he Fakamanatu ki he Fakafepaki ʻa Siamané ʻi Pēlini, pea mo e ʻApi Pōpula Pōlotisenisií, ʻa ia naʻe tautea fakapoongi ai ʻa Hupinā. Makehe mei aí, naʻe fakahingoa ha senitā ki he toʻu tupú, ʻapiako, pea mo e ongo hala ʻe ua ʻi Hamipoki, ki hono hingoá. 15 Talu mei he 1940 tupú, mo hono fakahoko ʻe he ngaahi kulupu fakapolitikalé, fakasōsialé, mo fakalotú ha ngaahi kātoanga kehekehe ʻi he ʻaho 8 ʻo Sānualí (ko hono ʻaho fāʻeleʻí) mo e ʻaho 27 ʻo ʻOkatopá (ko e ʻaho ne tautea fakapoongi aí) ko ha fakamanatu ʻene loto-toʻá. ʻI he ʻaho 8 ʻo Sānuali, 2020, naʻe fakahingoa ha ʻapiako ʻi ha senitā ʻoku tauhi ai ʻa e kau faihia kei iikí, ʻoku ofi ki he Pilīsone Pōlotisenisií, ko e fakalangilangiʻi ʻo Hupinā.16

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Germany [Siamane], Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

  1. Erin Blakemore, “Meet the Youngest Person Executed for Defying the Nazis,” History Stories, Aug. 31, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/meet-the-youngest-person-executed-for-defying-the-nazis. Naʻe pulusi ʻe Luti Uopi mo Kali-Haini Sinipei ha ʻū tohi manatumelie ki heʻena ngaahi aʻusia ʻi heʻenau fakafepakiʻi ʻa e kau Nasí fakataha mo Hübener; vakai, Rudi Wobbe mo Jerry Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 1992), toe pulusi ko e Three against Hitler (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 1992); Karl-Heinz Schnibbe, Alan F. Keele, mo Douglas F. Tobler, The Price: The True Story of a Mormon Who Defied Hitler (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1984). Kuo taʻefaʻalaua e ʻū tohi (faʻu mo e meʻa moʻoni ne hoko), ngaahi fakamatala, mo e ngaahi ʻēsei kuo faʻu fekauʻaki mo Hübener.

  2. People’s Court, Verdict, Document 52 ʻi he Blair R. Holmes mo Alan F. Keele, eds. and trans., When Truth Was Treason: German Youth against Hitler: The Story of the Helmuth Hübener Group, 2nd ed. (Provo: Stratford Books, 2003), 219–20; District Court Hamburg, Arrest Warrant, Document 16 ʻi he Holmes and Keele, eds. and trans., When Truth Was Treason, 174–75; Rudolf Wobbe, Statement, Document 66 ʻi he Holmes and Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e fakatonuleá., When Truth Was Treason, 259–62; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 74. Vakai foki ki he Tefito: Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní

  3. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 14; Schnibbe, Keele, and Tobler, The Price, 22–24. Hitler: A Biography of Helmuth Hübener, German Teenage Resistance Leader, 2nd ed. (Provo: Academic Research Foundation, 2004), 1–2; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 20.

  4. Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 20; Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 5–6.

  5. Vakai Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler; David Conley Nelson, Moroni and the Swastika: Mormons in Nazi Germany (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015), 99–104. Neongo ʻoku pehē ʻe Nalesoni naʻe ope atu e poupou ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he fakakaukau ʻa e pātí mei he “maluʻi peé,” ka naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha kau mamata tokolahi ha “kau taʻe-fie-kau” ne tupu mei he fakaʻamu ke maluʻi kinautolú, ko honau fāmilí, pea mo e Siasí mei he hū fakamālohi ʻa e puleʻangá, puke pōpulá, pe toe kovi ange ai. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai Otto Berndt, Statement, Document 65 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 257.

  6. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 28–32; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 22–24.

  7. Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 23–24, 27–28, 61, 71–73; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 15, 31–32, 39; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 16, 22.

  8. Wobbe, Statement, 259; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 25–27; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 34–39.

  9. Holmes mo Keele, eds., When Truth Was Treason, 336n8.

  10. Helmuth Hübener, “I’ve Calculated for Everything,” Document 42 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 208. Fakatatau ki he ngaahi pepa ʻo e fakaʻiló, naʻe maʻu ʻe he Kesitapó ha ʻu pepatufa iiki e 29, ʻo kau ai ha “pepa tufa iiki ange” ʻe 9 mo e pepa tufa peesi kakato ʻe 20; vakai e lisi kakato mo e ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e ngaahi pepa tufá ni ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 191-93, 221-24.

  11. Chief State Counsel of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court, Criminal Case against Hübener, Document ## ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 180–82. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi foki ʻa e hiá ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehé, ko e “mateuteu ki ha talesoni fakatuʻutamaki”; vakai District Court Hamburg, Arrest Warrant, 174–75; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 66–67. Ko e “Gestapo” ko ha fakanounou ia ʻo e Geheime Staatspolizei (“Secret State Police”).

  12. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 69–76; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 51–54.

  13. People’s Court, Verdict, 219–31; Attorney General’s Office of the People’s Court, Report of Execution, 27 Oct. 1942, Document 62 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 241–42.

  14. Berndt, Statement, 258–59. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ʻOto Pēnati ʻo pehē: “Naʻe fai ʻeni ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha toe ngaahi faingataʻa lahi ange mo e paati [Nasí]. Ko e Kāingalotu naʻa nau tui ki he ngaahi sīpinga lelei ʻo e Siamane Foʻoú … ne nau fai e meʻá ni koeʻuhí he naʻa nau tui ko e meʻa lelei taha ia ki he Siasí mo e fonuá. Kuo hā mai ʻa e fakatomalá mo e fakamolemolé ʻe kinautolu kotoa pē ne hohaʻa hili ʻa e taú” (Berndt, Statement, 258–59). Vakai foki, Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 174.

  15. Vakai https://helmuthhuebener.de; Helmuth Hübener Exhibition, “Memorial in Hamburg in Remembrance of Nazi Crimes,” https://gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/en/memorials/show/helmuth-huebener-ausstellung-1; Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, “Helmuth Hübener,” https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/biographies/index_of_persons/biographie/view-bio/helmuth-huebener; Brigitte Oleschinski, Plötzensee Memorial Center (Berlin: German Resistance Memorial, 2002), 31.

  16. Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Priceix; “Schule der Berliner Jugendstrafanstalt wird Helmuth-Hübener-Schulehttps://presse-de.kirchejesuchristi.org/artikel/schule-der-berliner-jugendstrafanstalt-wird-helmuth-huebener-schule