“Ngaahi Siasi Faka-Kalisitiane ʻi he Kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmita,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
“Ngaahi Siasi Faka-Kalisitiane ʻi he Kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá”
Ngaahi Siasi Faka-Kalisitiane ʻi he Kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá
ʻI he taimi naʻe lotu ai ʻa e talavou ko Siosefa Sāmitá ke ne ʻiloʻi “pe ko e fē ʻa e siasi ʻi he ngaahi siasí kotoa pē ʻoku moʻoní,” mahalo naʻá ne manatu ki ha fanga kiʻi siasi Palotisani naʻá ne ʻilo ki ai ʻi hono koló.1 ʻI ha talanoa ʻe taha, naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ai e fakakikihi e kau Metotisí, kau Pelesipiteliané mo e kau Papitaisó ke ne kau ange kiate kinautolu, pea mahalo naʻe ʻi ai mo ha ngaahi siasi kehe naʻá ne fakakaukauʻi. Kuo liunga lahi he senituli kimuʻá e ngaahi siasi ke fai ha fili mei ai, pea tokolahi mo e kau ʻAmelika te nau lava ʻo ʻiloʻi e faikehekehe e “ngaahi siasí.”
Ko e konga lahi e ngaahi siasi ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití lolotonga e moʻui ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá, ko ha kau Palotisani. Lolotonga e tupulaki e Katolika Lomá ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e ngaahi taʻu 1800, naʻe tokosiʻi pē kau Katolika ne kau ki he Siasí. Ne faʻa hoko e lotu Faka-Palotisani ʻi ʻAmeliká, mo ʻene ngali fihí, ko e puipuituʻa fakalotu ʻo e fuofua Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí.
Fokotuʻu Lotu Foʻou ʻi ʻIulopé mo e Siasi Palotisaní
Naʻe hanga ʻe he lahi e loto mamahi ki he siasi Katoliká kimui ange ʻo fakatupu hono fokotuʻu e Lotu Faka-Kalisitiane ʻi ʻIulope Hihifó, ʻoku ʻiloa he ʻahó ni ko e Fokotuʻu Lotu Foʻoú. Naʻe tataki ʻe Māteni Lūtelo ha kulupu fokotuʻu lotu foʻou ʻi Siamane he kongaloto ʻo e ngaahi taʻu 1500, ne tauhingoa pē ki ai. Naʻe hanga ʻe Sione Kalavini, ko ha taha kei siʻi naʻá ne fai e meʻa tatau mo Lūtelo, ʻo faʻufaʻu ha teolosia ʻoku fakaikiikí ʻi heʻene feinga ke kamata ʻaki ʻene ngaahi fakakaukaú, ha haʻofanga lotu ʻi Siniva, Suisalani. Naʻe faʻu ʻe Lūtelo mo e kau fokotuʻu lotu kehe hangē ko Philipp Melanchthon pea mo e Huldrych Zwingli, ha fakamatala nounou ʻoku ui ko e “confessions [vetehia]”, naʻe tali ʻe honau kau muimuí ko e lao ʻo e tuí. Ne kau mo e ngaahi kautaha kehé, kau ai e kau mēmipa ʻo e siasi Anabaptist, ʻi hono taʻotaʻofi haʻanau tui ki he ngaahi vetehia ko ʻení.
Kuo laui senituli hono tanumaki ʻe he kau Kalisitiane Pilitāniá ha ngaahi tukufakaholo makehe, ka ne nau fakaʻita ʻo mavahe mei he Katolika Lomá he taimi naʻe fakalaoʻi ai ʻe he Falealea Pilitāniá ke hoko ʻa e Tuʻi ko Henelī ko e VIII ke ne pule fakaleveleva ki he Siasi ʻo ʻIngilaní ʻi he 1534. Naʻe hokohoko fai ha ngaahi liliu ki he Siasi ʻo ʻIngilaní (Anglican) ʻi he taʻu ʻe laungeau ka hokó, ʻo iku ai ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Puritan, Presbyterian, mo e Quaker, ʻo mavahe ia mei he lotu faka-ʻIngilaní. Naʻe hokohoko atu e toutou mavahe ko ʻení ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻAtilanitikí, ʻi hono nofoʻi ʻe he kau kumifonuá honau fonua foʻou ʻi ʻAmelika Noaté.
Mafola e Ngaahi Siasí ʻi he Ngaahi Fuofua Taʻu ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití
Naʻe muimui e puleʻanga fakakolonia ʻi Pilitānia ʻAmeliká, ki ha sīpinga naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ha ngaahi siasi tukupau, mo ha tuʻutuʻuni pau pea poupouʻi kinautolu ʻaki haʻanau totongi tukuhau. Naʻe tupu ʻāfaʻafa e ngaahi siasi ne nau mavahé, ʻo nau tupulaki ai ʻo nau mālohi taha pē kinautolu ʻi he tafaʻaki fakatokelaú ʻi he kongaloto ʻo e 1700. Naʻe lahi ha ngaahi fonua naʻe tokolahi ai e Siasi ʻo ʻIngilaní, ka ko e taimi naʻe hanga ai ʻe he Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká ʻo vaetuʻua e kau mateakiʻi fonua ʻo Pilitāniá, naʻe fakamamaʻo leva e kau siasi ʻIngilani ʻi ʻAmeliká mei honau siasi tupuʻangá ʻo ʻai honau hingoa foʻou pea ui kinautolu ko e Siasi Faka-ʻEpikopoó.
Naʻe toe tauʻatāina ange ʻa e tui fakalotú, pea tupulaki ha ngaahi kautaha lotu ʻi ʻAmelika Noate, neongo ne tuai ʻenau tupulaki ʻi ʻIulopé. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe tokolahi taha pē kakai naʻe tohoakiʻi mai ʻe he siasi Metotisí ʻi ʻAmelika Noaté, ʻo tokolahi ange ia he tuʻunga naʻe ʻi ai ʻi hono fonua tupuʻanga ko ʻIngilaní. Naʻe hanga leva ʻe he kau Kalisitiane ne nau talaki ko e papitaisó ʻoku fai ʻi he fakaukú, ʻo kamataʻi e siasi Papitaiso ʻi ʻAmeliká, ʻo tatau pē mo hono tuku atu ʻe he puleʻanga ʻi ʻIngilaní honau kaungā-fononga ʻIulopé ke fakahū pōpulá.
Naʻe toe lahi ange ngaahi siasi ke fili mei aí, hili hono kamataʻi e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e ngaahi taʻu 1700. Naʻe hanga ʻe he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e falealea ʻo e siteiti takitaha, ʻo veteki e ngaahi siasi ne fakapaʻanga ʻe he siteití, pea toe fakaava ai ha ngaahi faingamālie lahi ange ke tupulaki e ngaahi siasi kehé. Ne tautefito e tupu tokolahí ki he siasi Metotisí mo e Papitaisó, ʻo nau tokolahi ange kinautolu he siasi Fakatahatahá, ʻa e ngaahi siasi lahi taha ia ʻi ʻAmelika Noaté, he kongaloto ʻo e ngaahi taʻu 1800.
Naʻe faʻa fakafaʻahinga e ngaahi siasí ʻo fakatatau mo honau faʻungá pea mo ʻenau founga lotú. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe faʻa ui e niʻihi ne kau he siasi faka-ʻEpikopoó ko e “siasi māʻolungá” he naʻe lahi ange tō ʻenau fakamamafá ki he ngaahi ouau lotu kimuʻá pea mo e fakatuʻutuʻunga mafai ʻo e Siasi ʻIngilaní, ko e tukuʻau mai mei he lotu Katoliká. Ka naʻe saiʻia ange Metotisí ia mo e siasi Papitaisó ʻi he feohiʻanga “siasi māʻulaló,” ʻo fakamamafaʻi ai e aʻusia fakalaumālie fakatāutahá pea mo e uluí, kae ʻikai ko e mafai fakataulaʻeikí mo e ouau fakalotú. Naʻe tokoni e kau Kalisitiane “Siasi māʻulaló” pe ko ē ne ui kimui ko e kau ʻEvangelioó ki he ngaahi siasi fokotuʻu foʻou fakalotu mo fakasōsialé pea ne nau tokoni lahi ki he ngaahi fakataha fakaakeake naʻe tohi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita fekauʻaki mo ia ʻi hono hisitōliá. Naʻe faʻa fakataumuʻa e ngaahi fakataha fakaakeaké ke fakaivia e kau Kalisitiane kotoa pē, kae ʻikai ko e feinga pē ke maʻu ha kau uluí. Ne iku e siasi Faka-ʻEvangeliō ko ʻení, fakataha mo e ngaahi siasi kehekehe kuo lahi ʻenau mafola he fonuá, ki he tupu tokolahi e kau maʻulotú mo e ngaahi feohiʻanga fakalotú ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.
Puipuituʻa Fakalotu ʻo e Fuofua Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí
Ko e fuofua Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, ne kau ki ai ha niʻihi tokolahi mei he Metotisí, Pelesipiteliané, tui faka-Papitaisó, pea mo ha niʻihi mei he ngaahi siasi Fakatahatahá, Lūteló, Faka-ʻEpikopoó, Kueká mo e Seiká, kae pehē ki ha kau Palotisani kehe pē. Naʻe feinga ha kiʻi kolo ne fokotuʻu ai e Siasi tui faka-Papitaisó ʻi ʻŌhaiō, ke toe fakafoki mai e ngaahi tui faka-Kalisitiane ko ia ʻoku maʻu ʻi he Fuakava Foʻoú. Ne fetaulaki e falukunga kakai ko ʻení mo e kau faifekau Siasí ʻi he 1830, pea tali ʻe hanau tokolahi e Tohi ʻa Molomoná. Naʻe faʻu leva ʻe he kau mēmipa kehe ʻo e kau feinga Toe Fakafoki ko ʻení, ha siasi kehe, ʻo ui ko e Siasi ʻo Kalaisí (Kau Ākonga ʻo Kalaisí).
Neongo naʻe ʻikai toe feohi e Kāingalotú mo honau siasi kimuʻá, ka naʻe lahi ha ngaahi tukufakaholo mo ha ngaahi tefitoʻi tui ne nau omi mo ia heʻenau kau ki he Siasí. Naʻe tokoni lahi ʻaupito e puipuituʻa faka-Kalisitiane lelei ko ʻení, ki he tōʻonga moʻui ʻa e Siasí he kamataʻangá.
Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Ngaahi Tui Fakalotu ʻi he Kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá, Ngaahi Fakaakeaké, Ngaahi Fakamatala ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he ʻUluaki Mata Meʻa-Hā-Maí