ʻEimi Palauni Laimani

ʻI he hoko ʻa ʻEimi Palauni Laimani ko ha tokotaha ngāue fakasōsiale mo fokotuʻutuʻu fakalakalaká, naʻá ne ʻomi ai ha taukei mo e fakalotolahi ki heʻene ngāue ʻi he Fineʻofá, ʻa ia naʻá ne hoko ai ko e Palesiteni Lahi hono valú. Naʻe tautautefito e hohaʻa ʻa Laimaní ki hono fakatupulaki e moʻui lelei ʻa e kakai fefiné mo e fānaú, tautautefito ki heʻene fekauʻaki mo e mate ʻa e fānaú ʻi hono fāʻeleʻi maí mo e ʻi heʻenau kei valevalé.¹ Naʻá ne ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi tafaʻaki fakapuleʻanga kehekehe pea tokoni ʻi hono fakafeʻiloaki ʻo e ngaahi founga fakaonopooni mo fakapalōfesinale ki ha ngaahi tafaʻaki kehekehe ʻo e ngāue ʻa e Fineʻofá. ʻI heʻene fakahoko iá, naʻá ne hoko ai ko e taha ʻo e kau fafine ivi tākiekina mālohi taha ʻo e Siasí ʻi he senituli hono 20.

tā valivali ʻo ʻEimi Palauni Laimaní

Tā valivali ʻo ʻEimi Palauni Laimaní.

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa ʻEimi Kasanitulā Palauni, ko ha toʻu tangata hono ua ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, ʻi he 1872. Naʻá ne ako ʻi he Akoʻanga Pilikihami ʻIongí mei he 1888 ki he 1890 ʻo ne fetaulaki ai mo Lisiate R. Laimani.² Naʻá ne faiako ʻi he akoʻangá mei he 1890 ki he 1894, lolotonga e ako ʻa Lisiate ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Misikení. Naʻá na mali ʻi he Temipale Sōleki ne toki ʻosi langá, ʻi he 1896 pea hiki kimui ange ki he fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo hona foha kei siʻi ko Uenitoló, ki he ako mataʻitohi ʻa Lisiate ʻi he ʻenisinia sivilé. Lolotonga ha teemi fakaako ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfaná ʻi he 1902 ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Sikākoú, naʻe lesisita ai ʻa ʻEimi ʻi ha kalasi sosiolosī ʻo iku liliu ai ʻa e toenga ʻo ʻene moʻuí—naʻá ne maʻu ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui ʻi he ngāue fakasōsialé pea mo hono taukaveʻi ʻo e moʻui lelei ʻa e kakaí. ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, naʻe talitali lelei ʻe he fāmili Laimaní ha ʻofefine ko Makeleta, pea nau foki ki Sōleki Siti ʻi he 1905.³

Hangē ko e tokolahi ʻi he Kuonga Fakalakalaka ʻo e konga kimuʻa ʻo e senituli hono 20, naʻe kau fakataha ʻa ʻEimi Palauni Laimani mo ha kau fokotuʻutuʻu fakalakalaka ne nau feinga ke fakatupulaki e ngaahi ola fakasosaietí mo fakamoʻui leleí ʻo fakafou ʻi he ngāue fakasōsialé. Naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi ngāue ʻa Laimaní ʻa hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga huʻakau maʻá e ngaahi feituʻu masivesiva ʻi Sōleki Sití, ngāue fakataha mo e kakaí mo ha ngaahi kautaha tokoni ʻofa taautaha ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha mēmipa ʻo e poate ʻa e Sosaieti ʻo e Kautaha Tokoni ʻOfá (Charity Organization Society), fengāueʻaki mo e Kolosi Kulá lolotonga e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono 1 ke poupouʻi e kau ngāue fakakautaú mo honau ngaahi fāmilí, taki ʻi he Potungāue Ngāue Fakasōsiale (Social Service Department) foʻou ʻa e Fineʻofá, mo tokangaʻi e ngaahi akoʻanga ngāue tokoni fakasōsiale ʻa e Fineʻofá ʻi ʻIutā mo ʻAitahoó.⁴

Lolotonga e ngāue ʻa Laimani ki he kakaí ne hokohoko atu pē foki ʻene ngāue ʻi he Fineʻofá. Naʻe ui ia ki he poate lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻi he 1909 pea hoko ko e sekelitali-tauhi paʻanga ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 15 pea mo ha tokoni kia Luʻisa Y. Lopisoni ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī Lahí mei he 1928 ki he 1940. Naʻe fili ʻa Laimani ʻi he 1922 ki he Fale Alea ʻo e Siteiti ʻIutaá peá ne sea ʻi he ngaahi kōmiti akó mo e uelofea ʻa e kakaí. Naʻá ne taki ʻa e kau faʻu lao fakapuleʻangá ʻi hono fakapaasi e lao ke tali ʻa e paʻanga mei he Lao Sēpeti Tauná (Sheppard-Towner Act), ko ha lao fakapuleʻanga naʻe fakataumuʻa ke ne ʻave ha paʻanga fakafonua ki ha ngaahi siteiti maʻá e ngaahi ngāue fakauelofea fakasōsialé. Naʻe ʻikai feinga ʻa Laimani ke toe fili, koeʻuhí he naʻe ʻikai ke ne saiʻia ʻi he fakaʻaiʻai fakapolitikale naʻá ne fetaulaki mo iá.⁵

ʻI he taimi naʻe ui ai ʻa Lisiate ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona ʻIulopé ʻi he 1936, naʻe hiki ʻa e fāmili Laimaní ki ʻIngilani ʻi ha taʻu ʻe ua. ʻI he tūʻuta ʻa ʻEimi ki Lonitoní, naʻá ne fononga ki ʻIukosilāvia ke kau atu ki he Fakataha Alēlea Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻa e Kakai Fefiné ko ha fakafofonga ʻo e Fakataha Alēlea Fakafonua ʻa e Kakai Fefine ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ko ha kautaha naʻá ne kau ki ai ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. ʻI heʻene hoko ko e uaifi ʻo e palesiteni fakamisioná, naʻá ne tokangaʻi ai ʻa e Fineʻofá mo e ngaahi houalotu kehe ʻa e Siasí maʻá e kau finemui mo e fānau ʻi he misioná.⁶

ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e 1940 mo e 1945, naʻe hoko ai ʻa Laimani ko e Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá. Naʻá ne ngāue ke fakafenāpasi e ngāue ʻofa faka-Kalaisi ʻa e Fineʻofá mo e palani uelofea ʻa e Siasí ne fokotuʻu he lolotonga ʻo e Tō Lalo Fakaʻekonōmiká pea teuteuʻi e kātoanga taʻu ʻe teau ʻo e Fineʻofá ʻi he 1942.⁷ ʻI he malumalu ʻo ʻene fakahinohinó, naʻe tokoni ʻa e kau Fineʻofá ke poupouʻi ʻa e feinga e faʻahi ʻa ʻAmeliká ʻi he taú ʻo fakafou ʻi he ngāue tokoni ʻi he Kolosi Kulá pea mo foaki ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoní ki he palani uelofea ʻa e Siasí.⁸

Naʻe aʻusia ʻe he fāmili ʻo Laimaní ha ngaahi meʻa fakamamahi ne mātā ʻe he kakaí. Naʻe maʻu ʻe ʻEimi hono foha lahi ko Uenitoló naʻe mate ʻi lalo ʻi heʻene kaá ʻi he 1933; naʻe lipooti ʻe he ngaahi nusipepá naʻe fulutāmakia ʻa Uenitolo ʻi he kohú lolotonga ʻene fakahoko ha ngaahi ngāue monomono. Naʻe ʻikai fakapulipuli ʻene ngāue ʻaki e faitoʻo konatapú mo ʻene ngaahi faingataʻaʻia fakapaʻanga kimuʻá.⁹ ʻI he konga kimui ʻo e hoko ʻa ʻEimi ko e Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá, naʻe tuʻusi ai hono husepāniti ko Lisiaté, ʻa ia naʻe hoko he taimi ko iá ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ki hono “maumauʻi ʻo e fono faka-Kalisitiane ʻo e angamaʻá.”¹⁰ Naʻe ʻohovale pea loto-mamahi ʻa ʻEimi ʻi he ongoongó. ʻI he taimi naʻe poupou mai ai hono tokoni ko Pele Sipafōtí, naʻe tali ange ʻe ʻEimi, “Lotu pē ke tokoniʻi au ʻe he lahi ʻo ʻeku mahino ki he ongoongoleleí ke u ikunaʻi e ngaahi faingataʻá.”¹¹ Koeʻuhí ko hono tuʻunga ongoongoa naʻá ne ʻi ai pea hoko ʻa e faingataʻá, naʻe ongoʻi ʻe ʻEimi naʻe taau ke ne fakafisi. Ka neongo iá, naʻe fakalotolahi ange ʻa Tēvita O. Makei ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko e Tokoni Ua ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻi he taimi ko iá, ke ne hoko atu. Naʻe hoko atu ʻene ngāue ko e Palesiteni Lahí ʻi ha māhina ʻe 17 pea toki tali ʻene fakafisí ʻi he 1945. Naʻe kei mali pē ʻa ʻEimi mo Lisiate, pea naʻe toe papitaiso ʻa Lisiate pea toe fakafoki mai hono mēmipasipi ʻi he Siasí ʻi he 1954.¹²

Hili hono tukuange ʻo Laimaní, naʻe hoko atu ʻene ngāue mo e Fineʻofá ko ha taha faʻu tohi mo ha tokotaha lea, kae pehē foki ki ha faiako maʻa hono uooti fakalotofonuá. Naʻá ne kei tokanga pē ki he ngaahi meʻa fakasōsialé, moʻui lelei ʻa e kakaí, mo e tokoni ki hono fāmilí ʻo aʻu ki heʻene mālōlō ʻi he 1959. ʻI hono meʻafakaʻeikí, naʻe lea ʻaki ʻe Pele S. Sipafooti, ko e fetongi ʻo Laimani ʻi he Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá, ʻa e lea naʻe fai ʻe Laimani ki heʻene faʻeé ke fakamatalaʻi ʻaki ʻa e faʻahinga taki naʻe fakahoko ʻe Laimaní: “mālohi, longomoʻui, mo ʻaonga; poto, sio lōloa, pea mo fakaʻutoʻuta lelei. Ko ha fefine naʻá ne maʻu e mahino lelei ʻaupito ki he houʻeiki fafiné pea ne ʻofeina foki ia.”¹³

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Amy Brown Lyman, “The Value of Faith,” ʻi he Jennifer Reeder and Kate Holbrook, eds., At the Pulpit: 185 Years of Discourses by Latter-day Saint Women (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), https://www.churchhistorianspress.org/at-the-pulpit/part-3/chapter-30.

David Hall, “Amy Brown Lyman’s Mission in Europe: Ministering to the Saints amid the Gathering Storm,” https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/david-hall-speaks-about-amy-brown-lyman.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

• Amy Brown Lyman, In Retrospect: Autobiography of Amy Brown Lyman (Salt Lake City: General Board of Relief Society, 1945).

• Dave Hall, A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women’s Activism, 1872–1959 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015).

• Ann W. Engar, “‘Pure Religion and True Social Service’: Amy Cassandra Brown Lyman,” in Brittany Chapman Nash and Richard E. Turley Jr., eds., Women of Faith in the Latter Days: Volume 4, 1871–1900 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2017).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Fineʻofá, Totonu ʻa e Houʻeiki Fafiné ke Filí, Great Depression (Tō Lalo Fakaʻekonōmika Lahí), Welfare Programs (Ngaahi Polokalama Uelofeá)

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. Dave Hall, A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women’s Activism, 1872–1959 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015), 75.

2. Vakai, Tefito: Church Academies

3. Hall, Faded Legacy, 36–40, 43, 48, 52.

4. Hall, Faded Legacy, 73, 76–80, 84; Jill Mulvay Derr, “Scholarship, Service, and Sisterhood: Women’s Clubs and Associations, 1877–1977,” in Patricia Lyn Scott and Linda Thatcher, eds., Women in Utah History: Paradigm or Paradox? (Logan: Utah State University Press, 2005), 274. Vakai foki, Ngaahi Tefitó: Fineʻofa, World War I (Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono I).

5. Derr, “Scholarship, Service, and Sisterhood,” 274; Hall, Faded Legacy, 90. Vakai foki, Ngaahi Tefitó: American Political and Legal Institutions (Ngaahi Akoʻanga Fakapolitikale mo Fakalao ʻa ʻAmeliká), ʻIutā.

6. Hall, Faded Legacy, 129, 133.

7. Naʻe taʻofi ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ne hoko ʻi he Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II ʻa hono fakahoko ʻe he Fineʻofá ʻa e kātoanga fakamanatu ʻo e taʻu ʻe teau ko ʻení. Vakai, Ngaahi Tefitó: Great Depression (Tō Lalo Fakaʻekonōmika Lahí), Welfare Programs (Ngaahi Polokalama Uelofeá).

8. Hall, Faded Legacy, 158–60.

9. Hall, Faded Legacy, 118–19.

10. George Albert Smith, Announcement, 13 November 1943, quoted in “LDS Church Officials Remove Apostle,” Salt Lake Telegram (13 Nov. 1943), 11. Naʻe feinga ʻa Lisiate R. Laimani ke fakatonuhiaʻi ha feohi fakamali makehe ke pehē ko ha “mali tokolahi,” neongo kuo meimei taʻu ʻe 40 talu mei hono tuku mai ʻe Palesiteni Siosefa F. Sāmita ʻa e fakamatala naʻe ʻiloa ko e Fanongonongo Fakamafaiʻi Hono Uá, ʻa ia naʻe kau ai ʻa e tautea ʻo e tuʻusi mei he Siasí ʻo ka fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí. Vakai, Hall, Faded Legacy, 163; “The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage,” Gospel Topics Essays, https://churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics-essays/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage.

11. Hall, Faded Legacy, 164.

12. Hall, Faded Legacy, 165, 169, 237n101. Vakai foki, Tefito: Fakatonutonu Faka-Siasí.

13. Hall, Faded Legacy, 174–76, 182.