“Hikifonua Maí,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
“Hikifonua Maí”
Hikifonua Maí
Naʻe tali ʻe he fuofua Kāingalotú ʻa e ui ʻa e ʻEikí ke tānaki ki Saioné ʻaki ʻenau fetukutuku mei honau ngaahi kolo tupuʻangá ki he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu ne fakatahataha ki aí—ʻuluakí ʻi ʻOhaiō, Mīsuli, pea ki ʻIlinoisi, pea kimui ange ki he Hihifo ʻo ʻAmelika Tokelaú.1 Ko kinautolu ne nau fonongá, ne nau fou atu ʻi ha ngaahi hala lahi ki Saione.2 Ko e hikifonuá ko ha tafaʻaki mahuʻinga ia ʻo e moʻui ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí kimuʻá—ne meimei ko e tokotaha kotoa pē ne kau ki he Siasí ne nau ongoʻi e mālohi ʻo e hikifonua maí, ʻo tatau ai pē pe naʻa nau liʻaki honau ngaahi ʻapí pe ne nau māvae mo kinautolu ne nau hikifonuá. Naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he Siasí ha ngāue fetokoniʻaki lahi ke tokonia e ngaahi fāmilí ʻi heʻenau fetukutukú, ʻa ia naʻe kau ai hono fokotuʻutuʻu fakakulupu e kau fonongá, fakapaʻanga ʻa e fonongá, mo fakatahaʻi ʻa e kau hikifonuá ki honau tukui kolo foʻou mo e Kāingalotú.
ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e 1840 mo e 1890, naʻe laka hake ʻi he Kāingalotu ʻe toko 85,000 ne nau hiki ki Nāvū, ʻIlinoisi, mo e Hihifó. Ko e tokolahi tahá (meimei ki he toko 55,000) ne nau mavahe mei he ʻOtu Motu ʻo Pilitāniá, ne mavahe ha toko 25,000 mei Sikenitinēvia, pea fakafuofua ki he toko 6,000 ne nau mavahe mei he konitinēniti ʻIulopé. Ko e niʻihi ne nau tūʻuta mai mei he ʻOtu Motu Pasifikí, ʻInitia, Puleʻanga ʻOtomaní, pea mo ʻAfilika Tonga. Naʻe hoko ʻa e loto-vēkeveke ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau feilaulau mo vahevahe ʻenau ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoní ke malava lelei ai ha hikifonua tokolahi pehē—naʻa nau taʻeloto ke liʻaki ʻa e kāingalotu ne masivesiva angé.3
ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe totongi ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ngaahi fakamole ke nau fakataha ai ki Saioné, ka ʻi he hili e aʻu ʻa e fuofua kau faifekaú ki Pilitānia Lahi he 1837, naʻe malava leva ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei ange ʻa e folaú mo e ngaahi meʻa kehé. Naʻe tokolahi ʻa e kau papi ului koloaʻia mei Pilitānia ne nau tukupā ke fakapaʻanga ʻa e folau ʻa e Kāingalotu masivesiva angé ki Nāvuú. ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e 1840 mo e 1846, naʻe fakapaʻanga ʻe he Siasí ke folau atu ha ngaahi kulupu hikifonua tokolahi mei ʻIngilani ki he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻa ia naʻe fakafuofua ki ha kau papi ului ʻe toko 4,000.4 Hili e mavahe ʻa e Kāingalotú mei Nāvuú, naʻa nau ngaohi ʻa e Vahefonua ʻIutaá ko e feituʻu pau ia ke fakataha ki ai e kau papi uluí.5
ʻI he taʻu ʻe 40 ne hoko aí, ne totongi ʻe he meimei vahe ua ʻe taha ʻo e kau papi ului ne hikifonua maí ʻenau ngaahi fakamole ki he fefonongaʻakí ʻaki ha nō ne fai mei he Paʻanga Tokoni Hikifonua Tuʻu Maʻú (PTHT), ko ha kautaha fetokoniʻaki ne fokotuʻu ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻi he 1849 ke “ʻomi ʻa e masivá ki he feituʻú ni.”6 Naʻe ʻave ʻe Pīsope ʻEtuate Hanitā ʻa e ʻuluaki $5,000 ko e tokoni ki ʻAiouā, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e paʻangá ke kumi ʻaki ha ʻū naunau ke tokoni ki he fononga ʻa e kau hikifonuá. ʻI he tūʻuta ʻa e kau fonongá ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí, naʻe pau ke nau totongi fakafoki ʻa e noó kae malava ʻe he kau hikifonua ʻamui angé ʻo kamata ʻenau fonongá.7
Naʻe fakakau ʻe he kau pule ʻo e PTHT ha kautaha ke ne tānaki mo tufaki ʻa e paʻangá, fakatau mai ha ʻū naunau, totongi fakatatali ha ʻū vaka, mo fakahinohinoʻi ʻa e kau fakafofonga hikifonua ne vahe ke ngāue ʻi he ngaahi ʻōfisi misioná mo e ngaahi tauʻanga lēlué. Naʻe hoko ʻa Livapulu, ʻIngilani ko e uhouhonga ia ʻo e fefolauʻaki vaka tahí, ʻa ia ne fakatahatahaʻi ai ʻe he kau fakafofonga ʻo e Siasí ʻa e kau hikifonua mei ʻIulopé, fokotuʻutuʻu ʻenau folaú, mo tānaki ha tipōsiti. ʻI ha māhina ʻe ua pe tolu kimuʻa pea mavahe ha kulupu, ne fakahoko ʻe he ʻōfisa hikifonuá ha ngaahi fanongonongo ʻi he Millennial Star ʻo fanongonongo ai e ngaahi hingoa kuo maʻu ʻenau tikite ki he vaka tahí pea mo e fakahinohino ki he ʻū utá.8 ʻI heʻenau heka pē ki he vaká, ne hanga ʻe he ngaahi kulupu hikifonuá, ne ʻi he toko laungeau he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ʻo fokotuʻutuʻu kinautolu ki ha ngaahi uooti, pea takitaha ʻi ai ʻenau palesiteni mo e ongo tokoni ki he folaú.9
Naʻe hoko e tekinolosia foʻou ʻo e sitimá ke ne liliu ai e founga ʻo e hikifonuá: naʻe fetongi ʻe he ʻū vaka sitimá ʻa e vaka laá, pea fetongi ʻe he halanga lēlué ʻa e fononga salioté.10 Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻa e hikifonua ne fakapaʻanga ʻe he Siasí ʻo ngata ʻi he 1887, ʻi he taimi naʻe toʻo ai ʻe he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e totonu ʻo e ngaahi kautaha ʻo e Siasí koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi lao ki hono fakafepakiʻi ʻo e mali tokolahí.11 Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻe he ngaahi fāmili fakafoʻituituí ʻenau hikifonuá ʻi ha toe ngaahi taʻu lahi, ka ʻi hono faleʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke fakamālohia ʻa e ngaahi kolo mo e ngaahi siteiki ʻi he tukui fonua mulí, naʻe hiki leva ʻa e tokangá ki hono fakalahi ʻa e tukui kolo ʻo e Siasí ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní, pea naʻe hōloa leva ʻa e hoko ʻa e hikifonuá ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo e meʻa ne aʻusia ʻe he Kāingalotu paionia ʻo e Siasí.12