Halanga Lēlué

Hili ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu mā fā mei he fuofua hū ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí, naʻe kamata ke ʻasi e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká, pea naʻe feinga e kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga fakaʻofisiale ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke fakaleleiʻi e halanga lēlue ne toki kamata foʻu ʻe he fonuá ke tokoni ki he taú. Naʻe hanga ʻe ha lao foʻou ʻo faʻu e ngaahi halanga lēlué ʻo lau fau, ʻo tuku atu ai ha kelekele ʻeka ʻe 100 miliona ʻo e Puleʻangá ki he ngaahi kautahá ke fokotuʻu ai ha ngaahi halanga lēlue.¹

Naʻe manavahē ha Kāingalotu tokolahi he Vahefonua ʻIutaá naʻa hoko e fakautuutu e lahi ʻo e ngaahi halanga lēlué ke haʻu ai ha kakai fakafili mei tuʻa pe ko e ngaahi takiekina fakamāmani ʻe uesia ai e tui fakalotu mo e moʻui fakaʻekonōmika ʻi honau feituʻú. Ka naʻe vakai foki ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ki he founga ʻe tokoni lahi ai e ngaahi founga fefonongaʻaki foʻou ko ʻení ki he ngāue ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe fetuʻutaki e kau pule ʻo e ngaahi kautaha halanga lēlué kia Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he 1868 fekauʻaki mo hono fakakakato ʻo ha halanga lēlue te ne fakafehokotaki e feituʻu fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e matāfanga Pasifikí—ko ha fehokotaki “fakavahaʻafonua.” Naʻe poupouʻi ʻe ʻIongi e fou mai ʻa e halanga lēlué ʻi ʻIutaá ʻi ha taʻu ia ʻe hongofulu kimuʻa, peá ne fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau tokoni ki hono langá. Naʻá ne fakamoʻoni ʻi he ngaahi aleapau ngāue mo e ongo kautaha ʻIunioni Pasifikí mo e Senitulolo Pasifikí, ʻo tuku atu ai ha kau tangata ʻe toko 5,000 ke nau tokoni ki hono fakaʻosi ʻo e halanga lēlue ne lahi hake hono lōloá he maile ʻe 350.²

Ne ʻikai ʻosi ha taʻu ʻe taha mei ai, ʻi he ʻaho 10 ʻo Mē 1869, ne nau fokotuʻu e foʻi haʻi fakaʻosi ʻo e halanga lēlué ʻi he Tumutumu ʻo Polimonitolí ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo ʻIutaá, ko e kakato ia ʻo e halanga lēlue fakavahaʻafonuá. Naʻe fakamālōʻia e Kāingalotú ʻe he kau palesiteni ʻo e kautaha ʻIunioni Pasifikí mo e Senitulolo Pasifikí ʻi heʻenau tokoni ki hono ikunaʻi e ngaahi faingataʻa fakaʻosí. Naʻe tokoni leva e halanga lēlué ki he ngāue ʻa e Siasí, hili ha uike ʻe taha mei ai, naʻe kamata langa ʻe he kau ngāue ʻo e Siasí ha fakalahi ʻo e halanga lēlué ʻo hoko e halanga fakavahaʻafonuá ki Sōleki Sití. Naʻe lelei ange ʻa hono feʻaveʻaki ʻo e ngaahi koloá ki ʻIutā pea mei ʻIutaá. Naʻe fakakakato mo ha toe halanga lēlue ʻi he 1871, ʻa ia naʻe tokoni ki hono fetuku ʻo e maka mei Lītolo Kōtoniuti Kenioní ki he tuʻuʻanga ʻo e Temipale Sōleki Sití. Naʻe faingofua ange e fefonongaʻaki ʻa e kau faifekaú ʻi he ngaahi misiona ʻoku vahe kinautolu ki aí. Naʻe ʻikai toe fie maʻu ke fakahoko ʻe he Kāingalotu hikifonuá e fononga saliote fakakulupu pe saliote toho tangata ki ʻIutaá, ʻo fakangata ai e kuonga ʻo e fononga laló. Ko e fononga saliote ko ia ne lau māhina ʻi he 1847, kuo lau ʻaho pē ia ʻi he halanga lēlué.

falukunga kakai mo ha ngaahi lēlue

Ko hono fakafehokotaki ʻo e ongo Halanga Lēlue ʻIunioni Pasifikí mo e Senitulolo Pasifikí ʻi he Tumutumu Polomonitolí ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo ʻIutaá he ʻaho 10 ʻo Mē ʻo e 1869.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha toe fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau fakamoʻoniʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Leonard J. Arrington, “Mormon Railroads,” ʻi he Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958), 257–92.

Richard White, Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011).

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Vakai, Richard White, Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011), 24.

2. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958), 258–65.