Ko e Kī ki he Faingamālié
Fakamanatu e Taʻu ʻe 10 ʻo e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú
ʻOku tupulaki e taumuʻa mo e niʻihi ʻoku kau ki he Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú hili ia ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu mei hono fakahā ʻe Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelií.
ʻI he 1850, hili pē ia ha taʻu ʻe tolu mei he tūʻuta ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí, naʻe kamata fokotuʻu ʻe Palesiteni Pilikihami ʻIongi (1801–77) ha ngaahi ʻapiako mo ha ngaahi ʻunivēsiti ke akoʻi e Kāingalotú. Kuo fakalotolahiʻi ʻe he kau palōfita kotoa pē ʻo e kuongá ni e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nau ako.
Naʻe kau ai ʻa Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī (1910–2008), naʻá ne kamata ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaakao Tuʻumaʻú (PTFT), ʻi he sīpinga ʻo ha polokalama ʻe taha naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he senituli 19, ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Hikifonua Tuʻumaʻú. Hangē ko e lea ʻa Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoní, ʻe hoko ʻa e paʻanga tokoni fakaako tuʻumaʻu foʻoú ni ko ha taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga lolotonga e taki ʻa Palesiteni Hingikelií.1 Kuo mamata ʻa Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻi hono hanga ʻe he masivá mo e taʻeakó mo e taʻeako ngāué ʻo taʻofi ʻa e kakai lalahi kei talavou tokolahi ʻi he Siasí mei hono aʻusia e ngaahi meʻa te nau malavá. Naʻá ne kole ki he ʻEikí ke maʻu ha ngaahi tali.
Naʻe fakahā ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻene vīsone ki he polokalamá ʻi he konifelenisi lahi he ʻaho 30 ʻo Māʻasi, 2001. Naʻá ne pehē “ko ha meʻa ʻeni ʻoku faingataʻa” ka “ko e akó ʻa e kī ki he faingamālié.”2 Naʻe fakaafeʻi ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻa e kakai kotoa pē naʻa nau fie tokoní ke nau fai ia, pea naʻe kamata e polokalamá.
Ko e hili ʻeni e taʻu ʻe 10 mei ai, pea kuo hanga ʻe he ngaahi tokoni lalahi mo iiki meiate kinautolu kuo nau fai e foakí mei māmani kotoa ʻo ʻai ke tupulaki ʻa e polokalamá—mo kinautolu ʻoku kau ki aí. ʻOku pehē ʻe ʻEletā Sione K. Kāmeki, ko ha mēmipa mālōlō ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú mo e Talēkita Pule ʻo e PTFT “ko hono fakahaofi ia ʻo e Kāingalotú mei he fakamalaʻia ʻo e masivá.” ʻOku pehē ʻe Leka ʻĀlani, ko e talēkita ngāue taʻetotongi ʻo e akó mo e ngaahi fetuʻutaki maʻá e PTFT, kuo ola lelei e fai fakahaofi ko iá he ʻoku fokotuʻu ia ʻi he ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku taʻengata pea ō fakataha mo e ngaahi talaʻofa fakakikite ʻoku ʻi ai “hono ʻaonga ʻoku taumamaʻo ange ia ʻi he meʻa ʻoku mahino ki ha taha ʻo kitautolu.”
Ko ha Kamata Fefeka
Hangē ko hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻi he 2001, naʻe maʻu e paʻangá mei he ngaahi foaki ʻofa; ʻoku nō atu ʻa e tupu ʻoku maʻu mei he sinoʻi paʻangá ki he niʻihi te nau fie akó.
Ko e kakai lalahi kei talavou ʻe fie kau ki aí, ʻe lava ke nau talanoa ki ai mo e kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeikí pea mo e kau talēkita ʻo e ʻinisititiutí. Ka nau fakamoʻoni ki ai, ʻe maʻu ʻe he “kau talavou mo e kau finemui loto feinga” ko ʻení, ko honau tokolahí ko ha kau ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekau, ha ngaahi nō ke nau ako ʻi honau tukui koló.3 Te nau kamata totongi ʻenau noó lolotonga pē ʻoku nau kei akó, pea ʻe lava heni ke fakaʻaongaʻi foki e paʻangá ʻe ha niʻihi kehe.
ʻI he taʻu ʻe hongofulu mei hono kamata ʻo e polokalamá, kuó ne fai e fakalakalaka ki he moʻui ʻa ha toko 50,000 nai kuo kau ki aí ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻe 51, ʻo tokoniʻi ai kinautolu ke nau “fakalaka hake ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga masiva naʻa nau ʻi ai mo e ngaahi toʻu tangata lahi ʻi muʻa ʻiate kinautolú,” ʻo hangē ko ia ne pehē ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻe hokó.4
ʻOku peheni hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe Misa ʻAlani ʻa e PTFT: “Naʻe fakahoko ʻe he palōfitá ha meʻa fakaofo ʻi he ʻaho ko iá. ʻI he kuonga fuoloá, naʻe fakamafao atu ʻe Mōsese hono tokotokó ʻi he fukahi Tahi Kulokulá pea naʻe mavaeua ʻa e tahí. Naʻe fakahā ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelí ʻa e tui tatau ʻi heʻene pukepuke hono mafai fakaepalōfitá ʻi he fukahi tahi fakapoʻuli ʻo e masivá peá ne kamata ʻa e PTFT.”
Ngaahi Tefitoʻi Moʻoni
ʻOku fokotuʻu e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi ha ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e ongoongoleleí—ko e tui mo e ʻamanaki lelei ʻia Sīsū Kalaisí, akó, ngāué, feilaulaú, moʻui fakafalala pē kiate kitá, angatonú, mo e tokoní. ʻOku hanga ʻe he niʻihi kotoa ʻoku kau ki he PTFT pea ʻosi ʻenau akó, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ko ʻení ʻi heʻenau moʻuí.
ʻOku pehē ʻe Kalolaina Telo Vēkasi, ʻa ia ne ʻosi ʻene akó mei Kolomupia, naʻe hoko ʻa e PTFT ko ha “huelo ʻo e ʻamanaki leleí” pea ko e fakamoʻoni ia ʻo e tokoni mai ʻa e Tamai Hēvaní, ʻa ia ʻokú ne “tataki [ia] mo fakaava hake ʻa e hala ki he fakalakalaká.”
ʻOku mahino kiate ia ʻa hono mahuʻinga ʻo e akó pea mo e ngāue mo e feilaulau ʻoku fakahoko aí. Kimuʻa pea kau ʻa Kalolaina ki he PTFT, naʻe lahi e ngaahi ngāueʻanga naʻá ne ngāue aí peá ne fakatau atu kotoa ʻene ngaahi meʻa mahuʻingá kae lava ke ne ako lao. Naʻe feilaulau foki mo hono fāmilí ke lava ʻeni.
Ko e fakamatala ʻeni ʻa Kalolainá,“Naʻá ku ʻiloʻi ʻoku totonu ke u fai ha ngaahi feilaulau kae lava ke u ako. Ne u vēkeveke ke fai ia kae lava ke u maʻu ha ngaahi faingamālie fakangāue lelei ange ʻi he kahaʻú.”
Ka naʻe hoko ha ngaahi faingataʻa fakafāmili lolotonga hono taʻu fakaʻosi he akó ʻo ʻikai ai ke lava ʻo totongi ʻene akó. Naʻá ne maʻu ha nō mei he PTFT peá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke lavaʻi lelei ʻene akó ʻo maʻu hono mataʻitohí.
Naʻe fakaʻaliʻali foki ʻe Seli Milase ʻo ʻAfilika Tongá ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ko ʻení. Naʻá ne ngāue ʻaki ha nō mei he PTFT ke fakaʻosi ʻene kalasi polokalama fakakomipiutá, pea hili ʻene maʻu haʻane ngāue ʻi ha kautaha maluʻi, naʻe vave ʻene totongi fakafoki ʻene toenga noó, pea naʻe tokoni ʻeni ke ne ongoʻi “ʻoku falalaʻanga ia.”
Ko e fakamatala ʻeni ʻa Selí, “Ko e maʻu ko ia ha ngāue ʻoku totongi lelei angé, ko e lelei ange ia ʻo e tuʻunga moʻuí. Naʻe lava ke u tokoni ai ki heʻeku ongomātuʻá mo e fāmilí, pea kuo tokoniʻi lahi au ʻe he ngaahi pōtoʻi ngāué mo e lelei ange ʻeku ngāué ke u fakahoko lelei ange kotoa hoku ngaahi fatongia faka-Siasí.”
Kuó ne fakahoko ha meʻa lahi ʻi heʻene ngāue ko ha tokotaha faʻu polokalamá. ʻOkú ne pehē, “ʻOku ou ongoʻi ka ne taʻeʻoua ʻeku akó mo ʻeku ngāue maʻu pē ʻi he Siasí, ne ʻikai te u mei lava ʻo maʻu ha ngāue, pe te u malava pē ā ʻo aʻusia ha taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa leleí ni.”
Ngaahi Talaʻofa mo e Ngaahi Tāpuaki
ʻI he taimi naʻe fakahā ai ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú, naʻá ne talaʻofa ʻe maʻu ai ha ngaahi tāpuaki ki he kakaí fakafoʻituitui, ki honau ngaahi fāmilí mo e tukui koló, pea ki he Siasí fakakātoa ʻo fakafou ʻi he ngaahi faingamālie fakangāué, tokoní, mo e tuʻunga fakatakimuʻá.
Naʻe talaʻofa ʻa Palesiteni Hingikelī ko kinautolu ʻe kau ki aí, “ʻe tokoniʻi kinautolu ke nau maʻu ha ako lelei, ʻa ia ʻe hiki hake ai kinautolu mei he loto foʻí tuʻunga ʻi he masivá. … Te nau mali pea hoko atu ʻenau moʻuí kuo nau maʻu ha ngaahi poto fakangāue ke fakafeʻungaʻi ai kinautolu ke nau lava ʻo maʻu ha moʻui pea maʻu honau tuʻunga ʻi he sosaietí ʻa ia te nau lava ʻo fai ha tokoni ki ai.”5
Kuo fakahoko ʻa e talaʻofá ni ki ha lauiafe naʻa nau kau ki he PTFT, kau ai ʻa Papiloa Penitesi ʻo ʻUlukuaí. Naʻe lolotonga ngāue houa ʻe 12 he ʻaho ʻa Papiloa ʻi ha falekoloa meʻakai, pea ʻikai maʻu ai ha paʻanga feʻunga ke ne moʻui ʻaki, peá ne fakakaukau leva ke liliu ʻene moʻuí. Naʻá ne kamata ako, pea ʻi he fakaʻau ke mamafa ange ʻa e totongi akó, naʻá ne ʻiloʻi he ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo fakapaʻanga ʻene akó ʻiate ia pē.
Naʻe lava ke maʻu hono mataʻitohi ʻi he physical education (tokangaʻi mo fakatupulaki e sinó ʻo fakafou ʻi he fakamālohisinó). Ko e meʻa naʻe hoko aí ko ʻene maʻu ha ngaahi ngāue lahi he ngaahi taʻu hoko aí, pea ko e ngāue takitaha naʻe toe lelei ange ai pē ʻene vahé. Naʻe aʻu pē ki heʻene fai e fakamatala ko ʻení, “Ne u faʻa maʻu ha tuʻuaki ngāue taimi kakato pe ngāue fetongi fakataimi ʻo ha taha, ka ʻoku ʻikai te u lava ke tali ʻeni he naʻe ʻikai ke u maʻu ha taimi feʻunga. Pea ʻoku ou fakamālō ai ki he PTFT pea ki he ngaahi faingamālie kuo ava mai kiate au tupu pē mei heʻeku ʻalu ʻo akó.”
Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi faingamālie ne maʻu ʻe Papiloa ʻi heʻene akó, ʻoku lava ai ke ne tauhi hono fāmilí lolotonga ʻene tokoni mo langa hake hono koló ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha faiakó.
ʻOku pehē ʻe Misa ʻAlani ko e ngāue laulau houa ʻo maʻu pē ha kiʻi paʻanga siʻisiʻi ki hono totongi e ngaahi fakamole ki he moʻuí mo e vahehongofulú, ko ha faingataʻa lahi ia ki he ngāue he Siasí. ʻOku fekuki ʻa e kāingalotu tokolahi ʻi māmani mo e meʻá ni, ka naʻe fai ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ʻa e palōmesi ko ʻení kau kiate kinautolu ʻe kau ki he PTFT: “Te nau hoko ko ha kau takimuʻa ʻi he ngāue maʻongoʻongá ni ʻi honau ngaahi fonuá. Te nau totongi ʻenau ngaahi vahehongofulú mo e ngaahi foakí, pea ʻe lava ai ʻo mafola atu ʻa e ngāue ʻa e Siasí ʻi he māmaní.”6
ʻOku ʻilo ʻe kinautolu tokolahi ʻoku kau ki he polokalamá ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he ako ʻoku malava ʻo fakafou ʻi he PTFT ha ngaahi ngāue lelei ange pea ʻi ai mo honau taimi lahi ange ke nau ngāue ai ʻi he Siasí. Naʻe fakakakato ʻe Meliame ʻEkuisa, ko ha faifekau naʻe ngāue ʻi Filipaini, ha polokalama taʻu ʻe ua ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo ha uepi saití, pea ʻi haʻane “lotu lahi,” naʻá ne maʻu ai haʻane ngāue ʻi ha kautaha fakafofonga folau. ʻI heʻene maʻu e tuʻunga ko ʻení naʻe lava ke ne tauhi ai hono fāmilí pea maʻu mo ha taimi ke ne hoko ai ko e palesiteni ʻo e Kau Finemuí mo ha faiako ʻinisititiuti.
Naʻe hoko ʻa Venitelei Lila ʻo Palāsilá ko ha palesiteni fakakolo ʻi ha ha taʻu ʻe ono, ʻo ne tokoni ki he tupu ʻa hono koló mei he kau mēmipa mālohi ʻe toko 18 ki he toko 110 lolotonga ʻene ngāue leipa koeʻuhi pē he naʻe ʻikai ako. ʻI hono fakahā pē ʻo e PTFT, naʻá ne ako leva ki he malu fakangāué pea maʻu ʻene ngāue foʻou ʻa ia ne tokoni ke toe lahi ange ʻene vahé pea vave ai ʻene totongi fakafoki ʻene noó. ʻOku kei hokohoko atu he ʻahó ni ʻene ngāue ʻi he Siasí. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ia ʻe heʻene palesiteni fakasiteikí ko ha taki mo ha tamai tuʻukimuʻa, ko ha “saianiti kuo fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻe he faingamālié.”
Naʻe fakahā ʻe Palesiteni Hingikelī ki he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻe ola lelei ʻa e polokalamá koeʻuhí he ʻoku maʻu ʻe he Siasí “ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu … mo e kau tamaioʻeiki ngāue mateaki ʻa e ʻEikí” ʻoku fie maʻu kae aʻusia ai ha ola leleí.7 Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku ola lelei ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú he ʻoku fengāueʻaki ʻa kinautolu ʻoku kau ki aí mo e kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeiki fakalotofonuá ʻi he malumalu ʻo e fakahinohino ʻa e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí, Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, mo e kau taki māʻolunga kehe ʻo e Siasí. ʻOku kau kakato mai foki ki he ngāué ni ʻa e ngaahi senitā maʻuʻanga tokoni fakangāue ʻa e Siasí.
ʻOku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he tuʻuloa fakapaʻanga ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo e paʻangá, he ʻoku totongi fakafoki ia pea toe nō atu ki ha kau ako kehe, ka ʻoku tuʻumaʻu fakalaumālie mo fakasōsiale foki he ʻoku faitāpuekina ai foki mo kinautolu ʻoku kau ʻi he polokalamá, kinautolu ʻoku nau fai ʻa e ngaahi foaki tokoní, kau pulé, mo ha niʻihi taʻefaʻalaua. ʻOku pehē ʻe Misa ʻAlani, “Ko e akó ʻa e kī ke fakaava ʻaki ha matapā ʻi ha fuʻu holisi malu, ʻo ʻikai maʻá e fakafoʻituituí pē kae maʻa honau ngaahi fāmilí mo e tukui koló.”
ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ʻe hongofulu kuo hilí, kuo tokoni ʻa e tekinolosiá mo e taukeí ke fakaleleiʻi e founga ngāue maʻanautolu ʻoku kaú mo kinautolu ʻoku nau tokangaʻí, ka ʻoku kei feinga pē ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú ke fakahoko ʻa e vīsone fakaepalōfita ne fokotuʻu ki aí. ʻOku kei hokohoko atu pē ʻe Palesiteni Monisoni ʻa e ngāue ki he paʻangá, ʻa ia ʻokú ne pehē “ʻe hokohoko atu ʻeni ʻo aʻu ki he kahaʻu mamaʻó.”8
Kuo fakaleleiʻi ʻe he PTFT e moʻui ʻa ha toko 50,000 ʻi ha fonua ʻe 51, hangē ko Kēvini Moa mei he Uesi ʻInitiisi mo ha niʻihi ne kau mai mei Pelū (ʻi toʻohemá).
Naʻe fakangāueʻi ʻa Miliame ʻEkuisa, ko ha taʻahine ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekau mei Filipaini, ʻe ha kautaha fakafofonga folau; pea fakaʻatā ia ʻe heʻene ngaahi houa ngāué ke ne hoko ko ha palesiteni ʻo e Kau Finemuí mo ha faiako ʻinisititiuti.
Naʻe hoko ʻa Venitelei Lila ʻo Palāsilá ko ha palesiteni fakakolo ʻi ha taʻu ʻe ono lolotonga ʻene ngāue leipá. Hili e hoko atu ʻene akó koeʻuhí ko ha nō mei he PTFT, naʻe maʻu ʻene ngāue foʻou pea toe lahi ange ai hono vāhengá. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ia ʻe heʻene palesiteni fakasiteikí “ko ha saianiti kuo fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻe he faingamālié.”
Ngaahi faitā ʻa Brian Wilcox; icons ʻe Brent Croxton