Ko e Misiona Fakaofo ʻo e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá
Fai ʻe Dallin H. Oaks
Tokoni ʻUluaki ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí
Mei ha lea, “Siosefa Sāmita: Ko e Palōfitá mo e Tangatá,” naʻe fakahoko ʻi he Seminā ʻo e Kau Taki Faka-Misioná ʻi he ʻaho 25 ʻo Sune, 2018.
Naʻe fakahoko ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha meʻa lahi ange ʻi he meʻa ne mei fakahoko ʻe ha tangata fakamatelie ʻi ha kiʻi taimi nounou. Ko e fakamatala pē ʻe lava ʻo fakahokó ko e tokoni fakalangi.
Siosefa Sāmita, tā ʻe William Whitaker
Kuó u fili ke lea kau kia Siosefa Sāmita, ko e Palōfitá mo e tangatá. ʻI heʻeku lea kau kiate iá, ʻoku ou fakaʻamu ke tokoni atu ki hoʻo mahino ki he ngaahi ngāue makehe mo fakaofo naʻe fakahoko ʻe he palōfita ʻo e kuonga fakakosipeli ko ʻení.
ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e kaunga ʻo e ʻiló mo e fakamoʻoni kia Siosefa Sāmitá ki he ngāue fakafaifekaú. ʻOku tau ʻiloʻi kotoa pē ʻoku tali ʻe he kau fie-fanongo ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi tokāteline ʻo e ongoongoleleí ka ʻoku ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo tali ʻa e foʻi moʻoni ko ia naʻe hā mai ʻa e Tamaí mo e ʻAló ki ha kiʻi taʻu 14, pea naʻá ne liliu ʻa e Tohi ʻa Molomoná pea hoko ko e palōfita ʻoku tau ʻiloʻí. Ko kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻa ki ai ʻa e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá, ʻoku fie maʻu ke nau ako mei he meʻa ko ʻeni naʻe akoʻi ʻe Palesiteni Lāsolo M. Nalesoní:
“Naʻe tomuʻa fakanofo ʻa e misiona ʻo Siosefa ʻi he matelié. Naʻe tali ʻe heʻene fakakaukau maʻa mo maʻú ʻa e ngaahi fakahinohino ʻa e ʻEikí. Ka ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui fakamāmaní, naʻe ngali taʻemalava ʻa Siosefa. Pea ko ʻene ngāue ko e Palōfita ʻo e kuonga fakakosipeli fakaʻosi ko ʻení, ʻoku ngali mātuʻaki taʻemalava. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he sīpinga ko ʻení ha tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku faʻa hoko ʻi he founga ʻoku ngāue ai ʻa e ʻEikí: ʻOkú Ne ngāue ʻaki e niʻihi taʻemalavá ke fakahoko ʻa e meʻa ʻoku taʻemalavá!”1
ʻOku fuʻu mahuʻinga ke maʻu ʻe heʻetau kau faifekaú ha fakamoʻoni ki he uiuiʻi fakalangi mo e ngāue fakaofo ʻa e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá.
Ko ha tokotaha ako taʻu ʻe 65 au ʻo e moʻui ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá. Naʻe fāʻeleʻi au ʻi he 1932, ʻi he toki taʻu teau pē ʻa e Siasí. ʻOku ou tui ko ha taha angamaheni au ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he senituli hono ua ko ʻení. Naʻe ʻikai ke mau feʻiloaki mo Siosefa Sāmita, ka ʻoku mau ongoʻi ʻoku mau ʻiloʻi ia, pea ʻoku mau ʻofa ʻiate ia ʻo fakafou ʻi he meʻa naʻá ne fakahā mo akoʻí. Ko ha kau fakamoʻoni kimautolu ki he moʻoni ʻo e kikite fakapunake ko ia “[ʻe ʻilo ʻe ha laui miliona e ʻTokoua ko Siosefá].’”2
I. Siosefa Sāmita, ko e Palōfitá
ʻOku tau ʻilo kotoa ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ko e fuofua palōfita ʻo e kuonga fakakosipeli ko ʻení, ko e meʻangāue ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi he Fakafoki Mai ʻo e Ongoongolelei ʻa e ʻEikí. Ko e hā naʻe fakafoki mai ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi he palōfita ko ʻení? ʻOku ʻikai ʻiloʻi ʻe he Kāingalotu kotoa ʻo e Siasí (mo ha kakai teʻeki siasi ʻe niʻihi) ʻa e ngaahi fakamaama mo e tānaki lahi naʻe ueʻi ʻe he ʻEikí e Palōfita ko Siosefá ke ne fakahoko ki he tokāteline faka-Kalisitiané. Ko ha lisi nounou ʻeni:
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Ko e natula ʻo e Tamaí, ko e ʻAló, mo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní.
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Ko e ngaahi fatongia fekauʻaki ʻo e kau mēmipa ʻo e Toluʻi ʻOtuá mo Honau vā mo e tangata fakamatelié.
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Ko e natula ʻo e Hinga ʻa e tangatá.
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Ko e taumuʻa ʻo e tangata fakamatelié ʻi hono fakaaʻu e palani ʻa e Tamaí ki Heʻene fānaú ke maʻu honau ikuʻanga taʻengatá.
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Ko e fatongia ‘o e Fakalelei ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi hono fakapapauʻi ʻo e moʻui taʻe-faʻa-maté mo hono ʻomi e faingamālie ki he moʻui taʻengatá.
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Ko e fatongia ʻo e mali fakaemāmani mo taʻengatá ʻi he palani ʻa e Tamaí.
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Ko e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí mo e ngaahi ouaú ʻi he palani ʻa e Tamaí.
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Ko e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi temipalé mo e ngaahi ouau fakafofongá ʻi he palani ʻa e Tamaí.
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Ko e ʻilo ko ia ʻoku finangalo e ʻOtuá ke fakamoʻui e kotoa ʻo ʻEne fānaú pea ko e taha kotoa pē kuo faifai peá ne moʻui ʻi he māmani ko ʻení—pe ʻokú ne ʻilo ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi pe ʻikai—te ne lava ʻo maʻu ʻa e langi taupotu tahá hili e moʻuí ni.
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Ko e vā fekauʻaki ʻo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga moʻoní kau ki he tangatá mo e ʻunivēsí: ʻa e saienisí, folofolá, mo e fakahā hokohokó.
Mavahe mei ʻĪtení, Fakamoʻuí mo e Vahaʻa ʻo e Langí mo e Māmaní, fai ʻe Annie Henrie Nader
Kuo pau ke poupou ha faʻahinga taha pē ʻokú ne ako pea naʻa mo ha konga siʻi pē ʻo e lisi ko ʻení—ʻo tatau aipē pe ʻoku tui pe taʻetui—ʻoku tā ʻe Siosefa Sāmita e ʻuluafí ʻi he ngaahi fakakaukau fakalotu mahuʻinga mo foʻou pea pelepelengesí. Hangē ko ia ʻoku tau lau ʻi he Malangaʻaki ʻEku Ongoongoleleí, naʻe fakafoki mai e kakato ʻo e ongoongoleleí ki he māmaní ʻo fakafou ʻia Siosefa Sāmita.3
Mahalo naʻá ke fakatokangaʻi ʻoku ʻikai ʻohake pau ʻe heʻeku lisí ʻa hono ʻomi ʻe Siosefa ʻa e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, ko ha tohi folofola foʻou, ʻa ia ko e maʻuʻanga ʻo e ngaahi fakakaukau fakalotu foʻou lahi ko iá. ʻOku fie maʻu ke lave makehe ki he tohi ko iá. ʻOku talaki ʻe hono hingoá ʻa hono fatongia mahuʻinga tahá: “Ko Ha Fakamoʻoni ʻe Taha ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi.” Kae mahulu hake ʻi he fatongia tefito ko iá, ʻoku toe ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ange. Ko e meʻa ʻeni ne lea ʻaki ʻe ha poto faʻu tohi ʻiloa fekauʻaki mo e tohí:
“ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ha taumuʻa foʻou maʻa ʻAmelika: ke hoko ko ha faʻunga ʻo e māʻoniʻoní kae ʻikai ko ha puleʻanga ʻo e tauʻatāiná. ʻOku ʻikai ko e tupulaki ʻa e koloaʻiá mo e tō kehekehé, ka ʻoku taukaveʻi ʻe he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻa hono tokoniʻi e masivá. … ʻOku ʻikai ko e puleʻanga lepapuliká, ka ʻokú ne fokotuʻu e pule angatonu ʻa e kau fakamāú mo e ngaahi tuʻí ʻi he malumalu ʻo e fono ʻa e ʻOtuá. ʻOku ʻikai ko e tui fakalotu ʻoku taha pē ai ʻa e Tohi Tapú pea ʻikai tui ki he ngaahi maná, ka ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻa e hokohoko ʻo e fakahaá, ngaahi maná, mo e fakahā ki he ngaahi puleʻangá kotoa. ʻOku ʻikai ko e veiveiuá, ka ko hono poupouʻi ʻo e tuí; ʻikai ko e mateakiʻi fonuá, ka ko ha ʻIsileli fakamāmanilahi. ʻOkú ne tomuʻa ʻilo e fakaʻauha ʻo e puleʻangá ʻo ka ikunaʻi ʻe he ʻofa he koloá, taʻofi ʻo e fakahaá, mo e tōʻonga faka-Senitailé ʻa e māʻoniʻoní, fakahaá, mo ʻIsileli.”4
Kae mahuʻinga angé ʻa e meʻa ne toki lea ʻaki ʻe Palesiteni Nalesoni kimuí ni fekauʻaki mo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná: ko ia “ʻa e meʻangāue ʻe fakahoko ʻaki e tānaki ʻo ʻIsileli kuo talaʻofa maí.”5
Hangē ko ia ʻoku tau lau ʻi he Malangaʻaki ʻEku Ongoongoleleí, naʻe pehē ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ko e Tohi ʻa Molomoná “ko e maka-tuʻu-loto ia ʻo ʻetau tui fakalotú.”6
Ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ʻoku ʻikai ko ha Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, ʻoku ʻikai ke nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e tokoni lahi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he fakakaukau ʻo e tui fakalotú. Naʻe ʻilo ʻe Keuli Lolenisi ko ha tokotaha fetuʻutaki ke ʻilo e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kakaí, ʻi ha fakatotolo fakafonua ʻiloa, ʻoku meimei ko e vaeua ʻo e kakai ʻi heʻene fakatotoló naʻa nau fakakaukau ko e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻoku nau fakamavahevaheʻi kinautolu, fakamisiteli pea ʻi ai ʻenau “ngaahi tui ngali kehe.”7 ʻI heʻene fehuʻi kiate kinautolu ne fakaʻekeʻeké, “Ko e hā e meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻoku taukaveʻi ʻe he tui faka-Māmongá?” ko e toko taha pē ʻi he toko fitu te ne lava ʻo fakamatalaʻi ha meʻa ʻoku ofiofi ki he fakakaukau ʻo e fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí pe ko hono toe fokotuʻu ʻo e ʻuluaki tui faka-Kalisitiané. Ne pehē pē ʻi hano ʻeke ʻi ha savea fakafonua ki he kakaí ke fakamatalaʻi ʻenau ongo ki heʻetau tui fakalotú, ne ʻikai ha toko taha te ne fokotuʻu mai e fakakaukau ʻo e ʻuluaki pe ko hono fakafoki mai ʻo e tui faka-Kalisitiané.8
ʻOku fakamanatu mai ʻe he ngaahi meʻá ni kiate kitautolu kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻa tuku ʻetau kau faifekaú ke nau pehē ʻoku fuʻu ʻilo lahia ʻetau tui fakalotú. Mahalo kuo fanongo ʻa kinautolu ʻoku nau akoʻí ʻi he foʻi lea Māmonga, ka kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻa fakakaukau e kau faifekaú kuo mahino ki he tokolahi tahá ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni tefito ʻo ʻetau tui fakalotú.
II. Siosefa Sāmita, ko e Tangatá
Ko ha ngaahi fakakaukau fakataautaha eni fekauʻaki mo e moʻui fakaofo ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá.9 Ko e Siosefa Sāmita naʻá ku ʻilo ʻi heʻeku fekumi fakataautahá, ʻo lahi taha pē ʻi ʻʻIlinoisí, ʻAmeliká, ko ha tangata tuʻukimuʻa—kei talavou, ongoʻi ngofua, pea mohu founga, pea ne ʻofeina pea faingofua ke feohi mo hono kakaí ʻo nau faʻa ui ia ko e “Tokoua ko Siosefá.” Ko e meʻa mālie fekauʻaki mo ʻene kei talavoú ko ʻene ngāue fakaepalōfitá. Naʻá ne taʻu 14 ʻi he taimi ʻo e ʻUluaki Mata Meʻa-Hā-Maí, 21 ʻi heʻene maʻu e ʻū lauʻi peleti koulá, pea taʻu 23 pē ʻi he kakato ʻene liliu e Tohi ʻa Molomoná (siʻi ange ʻi he ʻaho ngāue ʻe 60).
ʻOku laka hake ʻi he vaeua ʻo e ngaahi fakahā ʻi heʻetau Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá, ne foaki mai ia ʻi he palōfita ko ʻení ʻi heʻene kei taʻu 25 pe siʻi angé. Naʻá ne taʻu 26 ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí pea lahi siʻi pē ʻi he 33 ʻi heʻene hola mei hono tuku pōpula ʻi Mīsulí pea hoko atu ʻene takimuʻa ʻi he Kāingalotú. Naʻá ne taʻu 38 pē mo e konga ʻi hono fakapoongi iá.
Lolotonga ʻo ʻene moʻui taimi nounoú, naʻe aʻusia ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha ngaahi faingataʻa fakamatelie ʻo laka hake ʻi ha tokolahi. Fakafuofua ki hono taʻu fitú nai, naʻá ne tofanga ʻi ha tafa matuʻaki fakamamahi moʻoni ʻo hono vaʻé. Koeʻuhí ko e masiva ʻo hono fāmilí, naʻe siʻisiʻi ʻaupito e tuʻunga fakaako naʻá ne maʻú, pea ʻi heʻene kei talavoú naʻe pau ai ke ne ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi houa lahi ke tokonaki maʻá e fāmilí. Naʻe ʻohofi fakatuʻasino ia ʻi ha ngaahi taimi lahi. Lotolotonga ʻene feinga ke fakahoko ʻa e fatongia kāfakafa ʻo hono uiuiʻi toputapú, naʻe pau ke ne ngāue ko ha tangata faama pe tangata fefakatauʻaki koloa ke maʻu moʻui ai ʻa hono fāmilí. Naʻá ne fai ʻeni taʻekau ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻafoaki fakalaumālie fakaofo naʻá ne pouaki ia ʻi hono uiuiʻi fakaepalōfitá. Naʻe fakahā kiate ia ʻe he ʻEikí, “he ʻikai te ke maʻu ha mālohi ʻi he ngaahi ngāue fakaemāmaní, he ʻoku ʻikai ko e ngāue ia kuo ui koe ki aí” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 24:9).
ʻI he ngaahi meʻa fakalaumālié, ne ʻikai ha taha tā sīpinga ʻe lava ke muimui ki ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ke ako pe ʻoku founga fēfē ʻe te hoko ko ha palōfita pe takimuʻá. Naʻe pau ke ne fakafalala ʻi ha niʻihi taʻetaukei naʻa nau feohi. Naʻá ne fefaʻuhi mo ako fakataha mo kinautolu. Naʻe fuʻu vave ʻaupito ʻa hono maʻu ʻe Siosefa ʻa e ʻiló mo anga fakamatuʻotuʻá. ʻOku ʻikai ha toe veiveiua naʻá ne maʻu ha ngaahi meʻafoaki makehe. Hangē ko ia ʻoku tau faʻa lea ʻaki he ngaahi ʻaho ní, naʻá ne “ʻatamai vave.” Naʻá ne pehē naʻe akoʻi ia ʻe ha kau talafekau fakalangi pea mo ha ngaahi fakahā kehe mei he ʻOtuá, pea ʻoku ou tui kiate ia.
ʻOku hā mahino ha taha ʻo ʻene ngaahi meʻafoaki fakataautahá ʻi he ʻofa mo e māteaki ʻa e kakai tuʻukimuʻa naʻa nau muimui ʻiate iá. ʻI hono fakatukupaaʻi ʻe Siosefa hono kau muimuí ke nau ikunaʻi ʻenau ngaahi fehalaaki fakamatelié, naʻe ʻikai ke ne pehē ʻokú ne lelei ange ia ʻiate kinautolu, pea naʻa nau ʻofeina ai ia. ʻI ha malanga naʻe fai ʻe Siosefa ʻo laka siʻi pē ʻi he māhina ʻe tahá kimuʻa pea fakapoongi iá, naʻá ne pehē, “Kuo teʻeki te u fakahā atu kiate kimoutolu ʻoku ou haohaoa; ka ʻoku ʻikai ha hala ʻi he ngaahi fakahā kuó u akoʻí.”10 Naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha “ʻulungāanga fiefia totonu” (Siosefa Sāmita—Hisitōlia 1:28) naʻe fakaʻapaʻapaʻi pea manako ai e meimei taha kotoa ne ʻilo iá. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha taha naʻá ne maheni mo ia, “He ʻikai lava ʻo fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ʻofa ʻa e kāingalotú kiate iá.”11 Naʻe fakafiefia ʻa e feohi mo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá kia Siosefa, ʻa ia naʻá ne pehē ko e langa hake ʻo e sosaietí mo e ngaahi komiunitií ko ha taha ia ʻo e ngaahi taumuʻa tefito ʻo e ongoongoleleí.
Siosefa Sāmita, tā ʻe William Whitaker
Naʻá ku pehē ʻe taha kimuʻa atu: “ʻI he kotoa ʻo ʻene moʻuí naʻe tuʻukimuʻa ʻa Siosefa Sāmita, ʻi ha taimi naʻe feinga mālohi taha ai e tangatá ke fakafepakiʻi ʻa natula pea taimi ʻe niʻihi ko ʻenau fehangahangai pē ʻiate kinautolu. Ko ha tangata lahi ia, mālohi pea longomoʻui. Naʻá ne fiefia ʻi he ngaahi sipoti feʻauʻauhí, ʻo kau ai e tau fusi ʻakaú—ko hano siviʻi ʻo e ivi fakatuʻasinó (vakai, History of the Church, 5:302). ʻOku ʻi heʻetau ʻākaiví ha ngaahi fakamatala lahi ki heʻene tau fusi ʻakau mo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá mo e mahení. ʻI ha Sāpate ʻe taha, naʻá ne malanga ai mo Pilikihami ʻIongi ki he Kāingalotu ʻi Leimasi, ʻIlinoisí, ko ha fononga ʻaho ʻe taha nai ia mei Nāvū. ʻI he ʻaho Mōnité, kimuʻa peá ne mavahe mei Leimasí, naʻe fehangahangai ai ʻa Siosefa mo ha hau ʻi he tau fusi ʻakaú, ʻa ia naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha taha ko e ‘tama houtamaki ʻo Leimasí’ (vakai, Joseph Smith Journal, 13 March 1843, naʻe hiki ʻe Willard Richards, Joseph Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives). Naʻe fakapuna ia ʻe Siosefa. ʻOku ou fiefia ʻoku ʻikai kau ʻi heʻetau taimi tēpile konifelenisi ko ʻení ha faingamālie ke siviʻi ai ʻe he kau mēmipa fakalotofonuá ʻa e kau taki ʻaʻahi maí ʻi he founga ko ʻení.”12
ʻOku siʻisiʻi ha kau tangata ʻe toe lahi hake hono ngaohikovia ʻi honau misioná pe ʻi heʻenau manatú, ʻia Siosefa Sāmita. Kuó u fekumi ki ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi tukuakiʻi ko ʻení ʻi ha fakatotolo fakataautaha ʻi he ngaahi fuofua lekooti ʻi ʻIlinoisí, ʻa ia naʻe nofo ai ʻa Siosefa ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ʻe nima fakaʻosi ʻo ʻene moʻuí. Naʻe ʻi ai ha tukuakiʻi ʻe taha ne hoko ʻi he feinga ʻa Siosefa Sāmita, ʻa ia ko e pule kolo he taimi ko iá, mo e Fakataha Alēlea ʻo Nāvuú, ke tamateʻi ʻa e Nauvoo Expositor, ko ha nusipepa fakafepaki. Naʻe hoko e feinga ko ʻení ke tukutaha ai ʻa e tāufehiʻá ki he Siasí pea iku ai ʻo kaunga tonu ia ki hono fakapoongi ʻo Siosefá.
Naʻe pehē ʻe he kau fuofua faʻu hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí, ʻo kau ai ʻa ʻEletā B. H. Lōpeti, naʻe taʻefakalao ʻa e ngāue ko ʻení. Ka neongo iá, ʻi heʻeku fakatotolo ki he tefito ko ʻení ko ha palōfesa kei talavou ʻo e laó, naʻá ku ʻohovale ʻi hono maʻu ha tupuʻanga fakalao ki hono fakahoko ʻo e meʻá ni ʻi he lao ʻo ʻIlinoisi ʻo e 1844. Ne lahi hano taʻofi ʻo ha ʻū nusipepa ʻi he kauʻāfonuá lolotonga e vahaʻataimi kimuʻa ʻi he Tau Fakalotofonuá. Naʻe ʻikai kau e fakapapauʻi ʻo e tauʻatāina ʻa e mītiá ʻi he Konisitūtone ʻo ʻAmeliká ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ki he ngāue ʻa e puleʻanga fakakoló pe fakasiteití kae ʻoua kuo aʻu ki he 1931, pea ne toki fakaʻaongaʻi pē ia hili ha fili ne toko nima ki he fā ʻa e Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo ʻAmeliká, ʻo fakafalala ʻi ha monomono ki he konisitūtoné ne fakahoko ʻi he 1868.13 ʻOku totonu ke fakamaauʻi ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá ʻo tuʻunga ʻi he lao mo e ngaahi tūkunga ʻo hono kuongá, kae ʻikai ko hotau kuongá.
ʻI heʻema kei ako ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Sikākoú, naʻá ku ofo mo e taha faʻu hisitōlia ko Māvini S. Hilí, ʻi he moʻoni ne ʻikai fuʻu ʻilo lahia ko ia ʻo hono hopoʻi ha kau tangata ʻe toko nima ʻi ʻIlinoisi ki hono fakapoongi ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá. Ne laka hake ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 10 ʻema fekumi ʻi he ʻū laipeli mo e ʻākaivi ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e fonuá ke maʻu e fakamatala kotoa pē fekauʻaki mo e hopo ko ʻeni ʻo e 1845 mo kinautolu ne kau ki aí. Naʻe toe vakaiʻi ʻe heʻema tohí ʻa e ngaahi lea mo e ngāue ʻa e kau tangataʻifonua ʻIlinoisi naʻa nau ʻiloʻi fakataautaha ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá—ko ha niʻihi ne nau ʻofeina ia mo foua ha ngaahi faingataʻa ʻi heʻenau moʻuí koeʻuhi ko ia, pea mo ha niʻihi kehe naʻa nau fehiʻa kiate ia mo alea fakafufū ke fakapoongi ia. Ne ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe taha ʻi heʻema fekumi ʻi he ngaahi lekooti fakamaauʻanga totonú pe ʻi he ngaahi fakamoʻoni ʻo e hopo lōloá ni ne hā ai ha faʻahinga meʻa ke tukuhifoʻi e tangata naʻe fakapōngí.14
Ne hoko hono maʻu ʻo e ngaahi lekooti fakamaauʻanga ʻIlinoisí ke toe ʻilo ai ha ʻēlia ʻe taha ne teʻeki fai ha fakatotolo ai kia Siosefa Sāmita. Naʻá ku maʻu mo Siosefa I. Penilī, naʻá ne hoko ko ha tokotaha ako ʻi Sikākou, ha ngaahi lekooti lahi ʻo e ngāue fakapisinisi ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá. Naʻá ma faʻu fakataha ha fakamatala ʻi he Brigham Young University Law Review he 1976, ʻi he kaveinga ko ʻení.15 Hili e 1840 tupú, ne hoko atu ai ha tō lalo fakapaʻanga mo e taʻepauʻia lahi ʻi he fonuá. Naʻe fuʻu kovi ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi tūkunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he ngaahi siteiti kauʻāfonua hangē ko ʻIlinoisí. Hangē ko ʻení, kuo fakamatalaʻi ʻe he kau faʻu piokālafi ʻo ʻĒpalahame Lingikoní ʻa e tūkunga fakapaʻanga fakamā lolotonga ʻo e taʻu ʻe hongofulu ko ʻení, ko ha taimi naʻe faingataʻa ki he ʻū pisinisí, ʻikai lava ʻo totongi ai e ngaahi moʻua lahi, pea angamaheni ai e ngaahi hopó.16
Naʻe tukuakiʻi ʻe he ngaahi fili ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ia ki he kākā ʻi ha ngaahi fakatau kelekele lahi, ko e lahi tahá naʻe fakahoko ia maʻá e Siasí. Ne hokohoko atu ha ngaahi hopo fakamaauʻanga ne meimei taʻu ʻe hongofulu ʻi hono vakaiʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻo e ngaahi tukuakiʻi ko ʻení. Ne faifai pea aʻu ki he 1852, hili ia ha taimi lahi mei he mavahe ʻa e Kāingalotú mei ʻIlinoisí (ʻo ʻikai ai ha faʻahinga tuʻunga fakapolitikale pe ʻuhinga kehe ke kau ai ha taha mo e Kāingalotú pe ko honau takí), naʻe aofangatuku ʻe ha fakamaau fakapuleʻanga ʻa e ngaahi hopo ko ʻení ʻaki ha tuʻutuʻuni fakalao naʻe ʻikai maʻu ha kākā pe anga taʻetotonu ʻia Siosefa Sāmita.17
Ne tohi ha kau tangata poto ne nau ʻilo lahi fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa fakapuleʻanga ʻi he vahaʻataimi ko ʻení fekauʻaki mo e kemipeini ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he palesitenisīʻo ʻAmeliká ʻo pehē:
“Neongo ne ʻikai ke ne mei maʻu ha faingamālie moʻoni ke ne ikuna ʻi he fili fakapuleʻanga ʻo e 1844, ka naʻá ne hoko ko ha kanititeiti poto naʻe fakamaatoato fekauʻaki mo hono poupouʻi e ngaahi liliu fakalao ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻá ne ʻamanaki mo ngāue ke fakaleleiʻi e ngaahi fakakaukau fakapuleʻangá ʻi ha ngaahi tefito mahuʻinga hangē ko e nofo hopoaté, tauʻatāina fakalotú, ʻū fale fakapōpulá, mo e kelekele fakapuleʻangá. Ko ia pē mo Lōpeti F. Kēneti ʻokú na kei tuʻu ko e ongo ʻAmelika ʻe toko ua ne fakapoongi lolotonga ʻena hoko ko ha ongo kanititeiti ke palesiteni ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.”18
Mahalo ko e ʻulungaanga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ne mahino taha ia ki he kau tangata naʻa nau ʻilo lelei taha iá mo feohi vāofi mo ia he ngaahi tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa ʻi he Siasí. Naʻa nau ʻofeina ia mo poupouʻi ia ko ha palōfita. “Ne fili pē hono tokoua ko Hailamé ke pekia ʻi hono tafaʻakí. Naʻe pehē ʻe Sione Teila naʻe ʻi ai fakataha mo ia ʻi hono fakapōngí: ‘ʻOku ou fakamoʻoniʻi ʻi he ʻao ʻo e ʻOtuá, mo e kau ʻāngeló, pea mo e tangatá, ko ha tangata lelei, fakaʻeiʻeiki, mo angatonu ʻa Siosefa— … pea naʻe haohaoa hono ʻulungāngá ʻi heʻene toko tahá pea ʻi he kakaí—pea naʻá ne moʻui mo pekia ko ha tangata ʻa e ʻOtuá’ (The Gospel Kingdom1987], 355; vakai foki, T&F 135:3 Naʻe pehē ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi: ‘ʻOku ʻikai ke u tui ʻoku ʻi ai ha tangata ʻe moʻui ʻi he māmaní naʻá ne ʻiloʻi lelei ange ʻa [Siosefa Sāmita] ʻiate au; pea ʻoku ou lotolahi ke pehē, ne teʻeki ke ʻi ai ha tangata lelei ange kuo moʻui pe ʻe moʻui ʻi he māmani ko ʻení ʻo hangē ko iá, tukukehe pē ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi’ [“Remarks,” Deseret News, Aug. 27, 1862, 65].”19
III. Siosefa Sāmita, mo e Laó
Hangē ko ia kuo fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakatātā kuó u fakaʻaongaʻí, ne kau ʻi heʻeku tokanga lahi ki he hisitōlia fakalaó ha tokanga makehe ki he fengāueʻaki ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo e ngaahi faʻunga fakalao ʻo hono kuongá. Kuo hokohoko pehē ʻe he kau faʻu hisitōliá ne ʻikai laka hake ʻi he 40 nai e ngaahi hopo ne kau ki ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá. ʻI he ʻahó ni, fakataha mo e lelei ʻo e ngāue kuo fai ki he The Joseph Smith Papers, ʻoku mau ʻiloʻi ʻoku laka hake ʻa e fiká ʻi he 220. Ne kau ʻi he ngaahi hopo ko ʻení “e ngaahi hopo iiki ʻo aʻu ki he [meʻa fakalao] faingataʻa ne kau ai ha ngaahi fakakaukau fakalao matuʻaki mamafa. … Ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Siosefa ha kau loea tokolahi ke … fakahoko mo taukapoʻi e ngaahi ngāue [pehení] … ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapuleʻangá mo e ngaahi hiá.”20
Ne tohi ʻe Sefilī N. Uoka, ko ha mataotao ʻi he Siasí, hili ʻene ngāueʻaki e ʻilo lahi kuo tau maʻu fekauʻaki mo e moʻui ʻa e Palōfitá ʻo pehē: “ʻOku ʻikai ha toe veiveiua, naʻe kau fakataautaha, longomoʻui, pea hokohoko ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he faʻunga fakalao ʻo ʻAmeliká. Ka tukunoaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻingá ni, ko hano tuku ia ʻo ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ʻi he founga ʻo hono fakamoleki fakapotopoto mo ʻaonga hono taimí mo e iví—ne lahi fau ia ʻo iku lea ai ʻa Taniela H. Uēlisi, ko ha loea, fakamaau, mo ha ʻāteni seniale naʻá ne ʻiloʻi lelei ʻa Sāmita, ʻo pehē: ʻKuó u ʻiloʻi ha kau tangata ʻi he laó ʻi hono kotoa ʻo ʻeku moʻuí. Ko Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e loea lelei taha kuó u ʻiloʻi ʻi heʻeku moʻuí’ [hangē ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he The Journal of Jesse Nathaniel Smith: Six Decades in the Early West: Diaries and Papers of a Mormon Pioneer, 1834–1906 (1953), 456].”21
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fakanounou ia ʻe ha kau faʻu tohi ʻa e Siasí ʻo anga peheni: “ʻI heʻene fuʻu kau lahi ko ʻeni ʻi he faʻunga fakalaó, naʻe ako vave ʻe Sāmita ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ngāué peá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ko iá ki heʻene lelei ʻaʻana ʻi he laó, ʻo feinga ke ngāueʻaki e faingamālie foʻou kotoa pē mo e ngaahi meʻa ne maluʻi ʻe he lao ʻo e puleʻanga kei kamakamatá. ʻOku hā mahino ʻi heʻene ngaahi fili fakalaó mo e ʻulungāngá, naʻá ne ʻilo lahi ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalaó peá ne fakahoko ha ngaahi meʻa ke ngāueʻaki totonu ia ʻo hangē ko hono fakaʻatā ʻe he laó, ʻo tatau aipē pe ko haʻane feinga ke maʻu ha totonu ke hiki tatau e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he lao fakapuleʻangá, fakahoko ha ngaahi mali ʻi he lao ʻo ʻOhaioó, takiekina e ngaahi ouau ʻo e kolo ko Nāvuú, tuku ha maluʻi kakato ki he tauʻatāina fakalotú, fakaʻaongaʻi e ngaahi lao foʻou naʻa nau puleʻi hono fakatau ʻo e kelekele ʻa e puleʻangá, taukaveʻi [e] totonu ke hopoʻi ha pōpula ʻoku nofo pilīsone ke vakaiʻi pe ʻoku totonu ke ne nofo pilīsone, tuʻutuʻuni ha nofoʻanga lelei ange, pe feinga ke kau atu ki he lao foʻou fakapuleʻanga ki he veteki ʻo e ngaahi kautahá ʻa ē ne toki kamata fakaʻaongaʻí. Naʻá ne ako e ʻū tohi laó ʻi hono taimi ʻataá. Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi e ngaahi fakalea totonu ʻo e Konisitūtoné mo e ngaahi lea pau ʻi he ʻū lao fakasiteití. ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua naʻá ne maheni mo e fakalakalaka ʻa e lao lolotongá ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e siteití mo e puleʻanga fakafonuá ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻene moʻuí.”22
Ko e meʻa mahuʻingá, ko hono tānaki mai ʻe he kau faʻu tohi ʻe toko tolu ko ʻení ʻa e fakamatalá ni: “ʻI heʻene hoko ko e fakaʻiloá, ne teʻeki ai pē ke ne halaia ʻi ha faʻahinga hia. Ko e taimi kotoa pē naʻe hopoʻi ia ʻi he founga totonú, naʻe ʻilo ai ko ha tangataʻi fonua tauhi lao mo faitotonu ia.”23
Ko e ngaahi fakamatala fakanounou ʻo e ngāue fakalao ʻa e Palōfitá kuo fili mo vakaiʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻi he tohi kuó u fakaʻaongaʻí, ʻoku fakafalala ia ʻi ha ngāue ʻa ha tamaiki ako tokolahi ʻi he ʻApiako Lao J. Lūpeni Kalaké, ʻa ia naʻa nau toʻo e lēsoni ʻi he kaveinga ko iá mo fakahoko e ngāue fakaikiiki ne iku ai ki he tohi ko ʻeni ʻa e kau faʻu tohi ʻe toko tolú. Naʻá ku ofo ʻi heʻenau fakamatala ko ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau ako lao ko ʻení:
“Ko e kau ako lao ko ia kuo nau toutou fakaʻaongaʻi e tohi ko ʻení ko ʻenau tohi lēsoni akó, kuo nau toutou aofangatuku ʻo pehē ko Siosefá naʻá ne faʻa ngāue, angatonu, māteaki, poto, angaʻofa, faʻa fakakaukau, ngāue ʻi he founga totonu, tauhi lao, faʻa kātaki, vakai ki he ngaahi leleí, mohu founga, poto, mahino, faʻa ʻiloʻilo, pea aʻu pē ʻo matiketika fakalao (ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻenau ngaahi lea pē ʻanautolú), ʻo tautautefito ki hono maluʻi ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotu mo fakapuleʻanga ʻa e niʻihi kehé pe ko hono fakahoko e ngaahi fatongia kuo fakafalala kiate iá. … Ne ʻikai pē teitei mole e falala ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he Konisitūtoné mo faifeinga ke ngāue mālohi ki hono maluʻi iá, neongo naʻá ne faʻa faingataʻaʻia, lotomamahi, mo ongosia koeʻuhi ko e kakai naʻa nau fakahoko iá”24
Siosefa Sāmita ko e Palōfitá, fai ʻe Dan Weggelend, ʻi he angalelei ʻa e Mīsiume Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
IV. Fakamāʻopoʻopó
Naʻe fakahoko ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻi heʻene moʻuí, ha meʻa lahi ange ʻi he meʻa ne mei fakahoko ʻe ha tangata fakamatelie ʻi ha kiʻi taimi nounou. Ko e fakamatala pē ʻe lava ʻo fakahokó ko e tokoni fakalangi. ʻOku ou saiʻia ʻi he fakamatala fakanounou ko ʻení:
“Naʻá ne liliu mo pulusi ʻa e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi Niu ʻIoke, fokotuʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻi Niu ʻIoke, pea toe hiki ʻo fakahoko ia ʻi ʻOhaiō, Mīsuli, mo ʻIlinoisi; fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kolo, kau ai ʻa Ketilani, Hihifo Mamaʻo, mo Nāvū; uiuiʻi mo akoʻi ha kau taki ʻe teau tupu ʻo e siasí; ako e lea faka-Hepeluú mo e Tohi Tapú; fokotuʻu e Fineʻofa ʻo Nāvuú, fakalele ha ʻū pisinisi toko taha pē, pea mo ha ngaahi hoa ngāue; fakatupulaki e fakatau ʻapí mo e kelekelé pea langa ha ngaahi temipale; hiki mo pulusi ha ngaahi fakamatala mo e tohi fakaʻētita; maʻu ha fāmili tokolahi mo talitali pea feohi mo ha ngaahi kaungāmeʻa tokolahi; pea ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi fatongia kehekehe, ʻo kau ai e taki tau ʻi ha kakai tangata ko ha kongakau sōtia tokolahi, pea pehē foki ki he pule kolo, mo e fakamaau lahi ki he kolo ko Nāvuú. Naʻá ne toutou lea ʻi ha ngaahi fakataha lotu, fakatapui, pea faʻa lahi ha taimi ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa fakaʻeiki; naʻá ne fakalotoa ha kau muimui ʻe toko tahamano tupu, ʻo kamataʻi ha ngaahi kulupu tokolahi ʻo e hikifonua ʻa e kau papi uluí ki he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.”25
ʻI ha lea he konifelenisi lahí naʻá ku fakahoko ʻo laka hake he taʻu ʻe 20 kuohilí, naʻá ku lea ʻaki ʻeni:
“Hangē ko e Kāingalotu faivelenga kehe ʻo e Siasí, kuó u fokotuʻu ʻeku moʻuí ʻi he fakamoʻoni mo e misiona ʻo e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá. ʻI he kotoa ʻo ʻeku laukongá mo e ngaahi fakatotolo moʻoní, kuo teʻeki ai pē ke u mavahe mei heʻeku fakamoʻoni ki hono uiuiʻi fakaepalōfitá pea mo hono fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí mo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ʻa ia naʻe kamataʻi ʻe he ʻEikí ʻo fakafou ʻiate iá. ʻOku ou fakapapau ʻi he loto fakamoʻomoʻoni ki he fakamoʻoni naʻe fakahoko ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he tohi ʻiloa kia Ueniuefi ʻo e 1842:
“… Kuo ʻosi fokotuʻu ʻa e fuka ʻo e moʻoní; pea he ʻikai lava ʻe ha nima taʻe māʻoniʻoni ke taʻofi ʻa e ngāué mei heʻene laka ki muʻá; ʻe lava ke taulōfuʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakatangá, kau fakataha mo e kakai koví, fakatahataha mo e ngaahi kau taú, lau kovi mo e kakai loí, ka he ʻikai ufi e laka atu ki muʻa e moʻoni ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻi he anga fakaʻeiʻeiki mo tauʻatāina, kae ʻoua kuo hū atu ki he konitinēniti kotoa pē, aʻu ki he potu kotoa pē, ʻuʻufi ʻa e fonua kotoa pē, mo fakaongo ʻi he telinga kotoa pē, kae ʻoua kuo fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa ʻa e ʻOtuá, pea folofola ʻa Sihova mafimafi kuo lava ʻa e ngāué’ (Times and Seasons, 1 March 1842, 709; fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 5 vols. [1992], 4:1754).”26
Kāinga, ʻoku ou fakamoʻoni kia Sīsū Kalaisi, ko hotau Fakamoʻuí, ʻa ia naʻe hā mo e Tamaí ki he tamasiʻi palōfitá mo ia naʻe folofola ʻa e Tamaí: “Ko hoku ʻAlo ʻOfaʻangá ʻEni. Fanongo kiate Ia!” (Siosefa Sāmita—Hisitōlia 1:17). Pea kuo tau fanongoa ʻa hotau ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi he fakahā talu mei he taimi ko iá. Ko Hono Siasí ‘eni. Ko e kau maʻu mafai kitautolu ʻo Hono lakanga fakataulaʻeiki māʻoniʻoní. ʻOku tau laka ki muʻa ʻi Heʻene ngāué. ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ki he uiuiʻi ʻo e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá mo hono uiuiʻi ʻo e kau palōfita kimui aí ʻi he ngāue fakaofo ko ʻeni ʻoku mou kau ki aí.
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Taʻu Motuʻá: |
Meʻa Naʻe Hokó: |
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14 |
Aʻusia e ʻUluaki Mata-Meʻa-Hā-Maí |
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21 |
Maʻu ʻū lauʻi peleti koulá |
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23 |
Fakaʻosi hono liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná |
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25 |
Maʻu e vaeua ʻo e fakahā ʻi he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá |
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26 |
Fokotuʻu ʻo e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí |
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33 |
Hola mei he fale fakapōpula ʻi Mīsulí, hoko atu ʻene takimuʻá |
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38 |
Fakapoongi |