Mataupu 15

I Afa ma Maninoa

alii o loo talotalo mai le uafu i pasese i le vaa

I le aso 26 o Ianuari, 1856, na lolomi ai e aposetolo Franklin Richards le tusi a le Au Peresitene Sili i le Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, le nusipepa a le Ekalesia i Egelani. I le avea ai ma faatonu o le pepa, na tuuina atu e Franklin lana lagolago naunautai i le fuafuaga o taavale toso. “O tagata matitiva faamaoni i atunuu mamao na maua le mafanafana i le iloaina e le faagaloina i latou,” na ia olioli ai.¹

Talu mai uluai aso o le Ekalesia, na poloaiina ai e le Alii le Au Paia ia faapotopoto faatasi ia saunia i latou lava mo faigata o muamua mai i le Afio Faalua Mai o Iesu Keriso.² Na talitonu Franklin o nei faigata o le a oo vave mai ma o le Au Paia i Europa na manaomia ona gaoioi vave ina ia aloese mai ai.

I le iloaina o nisi Au Paia na popole e uiga i le faigata ona faapotopotoina e ala i taavale toso, na ia tuuina atu le manatu o se tofotofoga o le faatuatua. Na ia faamanatu atu foi i le aumalaga e faapea o sauniga o le faaeaga na faatalitali mai ia i latou i le Maota o Faaeega Paia. “O mai, outou uma e faatuatua, o e na tutumau i taimi faigata ma taimi o le maninoa,” na ia folafola mai ai. “Ua matou saunia e talia outou i le aiga ma faaee i o outou luga na faamanuiaga ua leva ona outou fia maua.”³

I le toeitiiti maea o lona taimi i le avea ai o se peresitene o le misiona, na fuafua foi Franklin e toe foi i le fale i Iuta. Na tusi atu i isi faifeautalai ua foi mai, na ia fautuaina i latou e fesoasoani i aumalaga a taavale toso seia taunuu saogalemu mai tagata uma i le vanu.

“I lau malaga i le aiga,” na ia faatonu atu ai, “e tatau ona e sailia i taimi uma pe faapefea ona e fesoasoani ia i latou e ala i lou poto masani, taitai ma faamafanafana i latou i au fautuaga, faafiafia i latou i lou faatasi atu, faamalosia lo latou faatuatua, ma faatumauina le agaga o le lototasi ma le filemu i lo latou lotolotoi.”

“E vaai atu le Au Paia ia te outou, ma e i ai le aia tatau, e pei o agelu o lo latou laveaiina,” na ia tusi ai. “Faataunuu le tiutetauave e pei o alii o le Atua, aua ua i o outou luga.”⁴

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O lena taumalulu, na malaga ai Jesse Haven i Lonetona i le mavae ai o le auauna atu mo le toeitiiti tolu tausaga o se peresitene o le misiona a Aferika i Saute. O ana soa, o William Walker ma Leonard Smith, na o mai i Egelani i ni nai masina talu ai faatasi ma le sefululima Au Paia Aferika i Saute ua saunia mo Siona.⁵ Ua toe o ni nai aso, ona malaga ese atu lea o William ma Leonard mai Livapulu faatasi ma le toeitiiti lima selau le aumalaga o tagata o le Ekalesia.⁶

I le naunau e toe faatasia ma lona aiga, na tulimatai atu Jesse i lana lava malaga i le fale. Ae, ua ia misia lava le Au Paia i Aferika i Saute. O le sailia o tagata e aoao sa avea o se luitau i taimi uma i se nuu tele ma itulagi e eseese tagata, ae na ausia e ia ma ana soa se manuia tele ma tuua iinā le tele o uo.⁷ E sili atu i le 170 tagata na papatiso i Aferika i Saute, ma o le tele lava o i latou o loo faatuatua pea.

Ao manao Jesse ia ausia ni mea se tele i lana misiona, na ia talitonu o le a tupu tele le Ekalesia i Aferika i Saute i se taimi ma o le toatele o ona tagata o le a o mai i Siona.

“E le o se mea faigofie tele e pei ona manatu ai se tasi, i le manatu muamua, e faatuina le talalelei i se atunuu,” na tusi ai e Jesse i lana lipoti aloaia i le Au Peresitene Sili, “i se mea e tautatala ai tagata i gagana eseese e tolu pe fa, ma o loo i ai ituaiga uma o tagata, i vasega, tuutuuga, faatulagaga, ma faalavelave eseese, ma na o le lua i le tolu selau afe tagata o loo salalau solo i se teritori e faaluaina le tele o Egelani,”⁸

I se aso mugalā lava o Mati, ina ua faatoa taunuu lava Jesse i Peretania, na tuua Livapulu e se isi vaega pe a ma le lima selau le Au Paia mo Siona. O nei Au Paia na malaga mai le United Kingdom, Suitiselani, Tenimaka, Initia i Sasae, ma Aferika i Saute. Ae latou te lei malaga ese, na faatofa atu Jesse i le aumalaga a Aferika i Saute, ma le faanoanoa i le lē mafai ona ia faatasi ma i latou i le malaga. O le a tuua e ia Egelani i le lua masina mulimuli ane faatasi ma se aumalaga e sili atu le toatele.⁹

O le toatele o lenei aumalaga na fuafua e malaga i taavale toso pe a latou taunuu atu i le Great Plains. Talu ona taunuu i Egelani, na tele ina faalogo Jesse i tala e uiga i taavale toso, ma na ia le mautinoa le faaaogaina. “Ou te le iloa pe o le a manuia i latou, ae e le i ai tele sou faatuatua ia i latou,” na ia tautino atu ai i lana api talaaga. “Ua le mafai lou mafaufau faapea o le fuafuaga o le a faamaonia ai le le manuia, ae ona sa tuuina mai e Peresitene Polika Iaga, o le a ou lagolagoina ai ma fautuaina atu foi.”¹⁰

I le aso 25 o Me, na tuua ai e Jesse Egelani i se vaa faatasi ma le silia ma le 850 tagata o le Ekalesia, o le toatele o i latou ua leva ona avea ma Au Paia Peretania ia na maua le fesoasoani mai le Tupe Faaagaga mo Femalagaaiga. O le vaega aupito sili lea ona toatele o le Au Paia na sopoia le Vasa Anetatika i le taimi lea. Ae latou te lei tuua, na valaauina e aposetolo Franklin Richards ia Edward Martin e taitaia i latou ma tofia Jesse o se tasi o ona fesoasoani. O se taitai faatuatuaina, o Edward o se tasi o tagata liliu muamua o Peretania, o se sui o le Au Tau a Mamona, ma o se tasi o le toatele o faifeautalai na auina atu i le salafa o le lalolagi i le 1852.¹¹

O Franklin ma isi taitai misiona na faatofa atu i le Au Paia i le uafu i Livapulu. Ae lei malaga ese atu le vaa, na latou tuuina atu i le aumalaga a le Au Paia ni faamanuia se tolu. Na tali mai le Au Paia i ni a latou lava faamanuia se tolu, ma faatofa atu Franklin ma isi taitai, ma tuuina atu se isi faamanuia faamavae mo le Au Paia.¹²

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Na taunuu le vaa i Boston i le silia ma se masina mulimuli ane. E pei o isi na i luga o le vaa, o Elisapeta ma Aaron Jackson na avea ma ni tagata o le Ekalesia mo ni nai tausaga. Na auai matua o Elisapeta i le Ekalesia i le 1840, e lei leva na talu le taunuu mai o uluai faifeautalai i Egelani, ma na papatiso Elisapeta i se tausaga mulimuli ane i le sefululima o ona tausaga. Na ia faaipoipo ia Aaron, o se toeaina o le Ekalesia, i le 1848. Sa galulue uma i laua i fale silika i Peretania.¹³

Sa malaga faatasi le au Jackson ma la laua fanau e toatolu—o Martha e fitu tausaga, o Mary e fa-tausaga, ma Aaron Jr. e lua-tausasga—ma le uso o Elisapeta e sefuluiva tausaga, o Mary Horrocks.

I Boston, na malaga ai le aiga i se nofoaafi faatasi ma le toatele o le latou vaega ma agai atu i le Aai o Aioua, o le nofoaga e malaga ese atu ai le Au Paia i sisifo. Ina ua latou taunuu, na faamoemoe Elisapeta ma Aaron ia maua atu ua saunia taavale toso mo i latou, ae o le aofai o le Au Paia e malaga i sisifo na toatele atu nai lo le aofai na fuafuaina. Ua tuua e vaega e tolu o taavale toso le Aai o Aioua i lena taumafanafana, ma o le lona fa, na taitaia e le faifeautalai ua foi mai o James Willie, o le a tuua i se taimi vave lava. Sa le lava taavale toso ua saunia mo tagata uma.¹⁴

I le iloaina e tatau ona latou tuua vave ina ia oo i le Vanu o Sate Leki ao lei oo mai le taumalulu, o lea na fesoasoani ai le aumalaga faatoa taunuu e faatulaga taavale toso. Na vaevae le aumalaga i ni vaega o taavale toso, o le tasi na taitaia e Edward Martin ae o le isi o Jesse Haven. O isi aumalaga na faatasi atu i vaega e lua o taavale solofanua na taitaia foi e faifeautalai ua foi mai.¹⁵

Na tuua e vaega e fa le Aai o Aioua i le faaiuga o Iulai ma le amataga o Aokuso. Pe a ma le lima tagata na tofia i le taavale toso e tasi, ma na faatagaina i latou e aumai le sefulufitu pauna o meatotino patino. O se taavale toso e lata i le luaselau pauna pe a tumu lelei le uta. O vaega o taavale toso taitasi na malaga foi ma vaega o miula ma taavale solofanua ua faatumuina i faleie ma taumafa.¹⁶

I le latalata atu i le faaiuga o Aokuso, na malolo ai vaega i se taulaga na taua o Florence, e le mamao mai le nofoaga tuai o Winter Quarters. O Franklin Richards, lea na malaga faatasi ma se vaega itiiti ma televave o faifeautalai ua foi mai, na i ai iina, ua saunia e faaauau i Iuta mo le konafesi aoao o lumanai. I se fonotaga, na talanoaina ai e Franklin ma taitai o vaega pe tatau ona nonofo le aumalaga i Florence mo le taumalulu pe faaauau i Siona, e ui lava i le fetaia’i ma le leaga o le tau i le ala o i luma.¹⁷

I a latou tusi i le Au Paia i le salafa o le lalolagi, na lapataiina ai pea lava pea e le Au Peresitene Sili aumalaga e uiga i tulaga lamatia o le amataina o malaga mo le vanu i le faaiuga o le tausaga. O vaega o taavale solofanua e tatau ona tuua Florence ao lei uma le tautotogo po o le amataga o le taumafanafana ina ia taunuu i le Aai o Sate Leki ia Aokuso po o Setema. Ao talitonu taitai o le Ekalesia faapea o vaega o taavale toso e mafai ona vave atu nai lo vaega o taavale solofanua, e leai se tasi na mautinoa e sao, ona o loo i ai pea vaega muamua o taavale toso i le ala. Afai na tuua e le vaega a Martin Florence i le faaiuga o Aokuso, o le a i ai pea i latou i le ala i le faaiuga o Oketopa po o le amataga o Novema, pe a amata i nisi taimi ona toulu le kiona.¹⁸

I le iloaina o lenei mea, na uunaia ai e nisi alii Franklin e fautuaina ia nonofo le vaega mo le taumalulu i Florence. O isi na fautuaina o ia e auina atu le aumalaga i Siona, e ui lava i tulaga lamatia. O le lua vaiaso na muamua atu, na feagai ai le vaega taavale toso a Willie ma le faafitauli lava lena, ma o le tele o tagata na filifili e faaauau pea i le fautuaga a Kapeteni Willie ma isi taitai, ia na folafola atu o le a puipuia i latou e le Atua mai puapuaga. Na i ai foi le faatuatua o Franklin o le a tatala mai e le Atua se ala mo le aumalaga e taunuu saogalemu ai i le vanu, ae na ia manao ia latou filifili mo i latou lava pe latou te nonofo pe o.¹⁹

Na faapotopotoina faatasi vaega, sa lapatai atu Franklin e uiga i tulaga lamatia o le tuai tele ona malaga i le vaitau o femalagaaiga. O nisi o tamaiti ma le Au Paia matutua e ono fano, na ia fai atu ai. O isi tagata o le vaega o le a puapuagatia i faamai ma le vaivai. Afai e mananao ai le aumalaga, e mafai ona latou nonofo mo le taumalulu i Florence ma ola ai i taumafa ua uma ona faatau mo la latou malaga. Na ofo atu foi lava Franklin e faatau nisi sapalai mo lo latou nonofo ai.²⁰

Na saunoa ni nai faifeautalai ua maea mai ina ua maea Franklin. O le toatele na uunaia le Au Paia e faaauau i le vanu. Na uunaia i latou e le atalii o Polika Iaga o Iosefa ia aua nei faaauau i lena vaitau. “O lena mea o le a oo ai ini puapuaga e le mafaamatalaina, faamai, ma le tele o le a maliliu,” na ia fai atu ai. “Ou te le fia vaai i lena mea ae moomoo mo tagata uma ia nonofo iinei mo le taumalulu ona o lea i le tautotogo.”

Ina ua uma faifeautalai, na toe tulai Franklin ma fesili atu i le aumalaga e palota i le mataupu. “Afai tou te iloa o le a faaumatia outou i afa,” na ia fesili atu ai, “pe o le a outou taofi pe toe foi mai?”²¹

Faatasi ai ma ni faamanuiaga leotetele, o le tele o le aumalaga na toesea o latou pulou, sii o latou lima, ma palota e faaauau i Siona.²² Na tuufaatasia e Franklin vaega e lua o taavale toso i lalo o le taitaiga a Edward Martin ma tofia Jesse Haven e fesoasoani e taitai le vaega o taavale solofanua faatasi ma Kapeteni William Hodgetts. Na tuua e vaega Florence i ni nai aso mulimuli ane faatasi ma se lafu tele o povi.

E ui lava o Elisapeta ma Aaron Jackson na talavou ma soifua maloloina, o le tosoina i aso uma o la latou taavale toso mamafa i luga o ala papa, vaega o oneone loloto, ma alavai na vave lava ona iloa i o latou tino. O nisi o le aumalaga na tauivi foi ia maua atu le vaega pe a malepe taavale toso na le lelei le fausiaina. I faaiuga o aso taitasi, na taunuu le Au Paia i le tolauapiga ma le fia aai tele ma se malamalama mautinoa faapea o le galuega mamafa o le a toe amata i le taeao.²³

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Ia Setema o le 1856, ao malaga agai i sisifo vaega o taavale toso ma taavale solofanua, na amata ona talai atu e le Au Peresitene Sili ma le Korama a Aposetolo e Toasefululua le toe faamalosia o le salamo ma le amio pulea i le Teritori atoa o Iuta. E ui lava o le toatele o le Au Paia na ola i ni olaga amiotonu, na popole taitai o le Ekalesia i le tele o le Au Paia e le o taumafai malosi ia avea ma ni tagata o Siona pe ua saunia mo le Afio Mai Faalua. Na latou popole foi e uiga i le faatosinaga a i latou i le teritori o e na le auai i le Ekalesia, le au vaivai i le faatuatua ma le naunautai i totonu o nisi o le aumalaga, ma i latou na tuua le Ekalesia ma ua faasagatau mai.

O Jedediah Grant, le fesoasoani lua i le Au Peresitene, na taitaia taumafaiga toe faamalosia i lalo o le taitaiga a Polika Iaga. Na amata i le amataga o Setema, ona uunaia e Jedediah le Au Paia ia tuuese le leaga ma ia toe papatiso e toe faafou ai a latou feagaiga ma faamagalo ai a latou agasala. Na vave lava ona auai faatasi taitai o le Ekalesia ma ia, ma faasalalau mamao ma faalautele atu le savali seia manino le uiga o le toe faamalosia.²⁴

O a latou lauga na masani ona faamumūloto. “O loo ou tautala atu ia te outou i le suafa o le Atua o Isaraelu,” na folafola atu ai Jedediah i le Aai o Sate Leki i le aso 21 o Setema. “Ua manaomia ona outou papatiso ma faamamaina ia mama mai a outou agasala, mai a outou agasala ae ua auai i le lotu, ma lo outou liliuese, ma lo outou eleelea, mai lo outou pepelo, mai lo outou palauvale, ma lo outou tuinanau, ma mai mea uma na e leaga i luma o le Atua o Isaraelu,”²⁵

I le Uarota a Sugar House, na fiafia lava Martha Ann Smith i le faaleleia o ia lava, faafetai i se vaega i le fautua soo mai o lona tuagane o Iosefa i Hawaii. O le taimi muamua, na ia talitonu o le alu i le aoga o le a fesoasoani. Ona e leai se polokalama o aoga lautele i le teritori, na ia auai i se aoga na faatautaia i lana uarota. Ae o lenei ua uma le kuata o le aoga, sa ia vaavaai mo isi auala e faaleleia ai o ia lava.

I le tautotogo, na amata ai ona nofo Martha Ann i lona tuagane matua o Ioane ma lona aiga, ma o lona aiga fou na maua ai ni avanoa mo le faaleleia patino. E ui lava i le fiafia o Martha Ann ia Ioane, e lei fiafia o ia i lona toalua, o Hellen, ma ona matua. “Latou te fai tala pepelo i o’u tua ma ula i ou tuafafine ma taua i latou o tagata pepelo,” na ia tau atu ai i se tusi ia Iosefa. I le iloaina atonu e otegia o ia e Iosefa ona o le taufaaleaga i le aiga, na ia faaopoopo ai, “Afai e te iloaina lelei i latou e pei ona ou iloaina, o le a e le tuuaia au.”²⁶

I lena taumafanafana, e ui i lea, o se tusi mai Sasae na tosina ese ai Martha Ann mai misa faaleaiga. O Lovina, lona uso matua, na tusi atu faapea o lea ua iu ina siitia atu o ia ma lona toalua ma le fanau e toafa i le vanu. Toeitiiti lava o le taimi lava lena, na agai atu ai Ioane i sasae e aumaia ni sapalai mo i latou ma fesoasoani ia i latou i le ala.

Na faamoemoe Martha Ann ma ona uso e o mai Ioane ma Lovina ma lona aiga i se tasi o vaega o taavale toso po o taavale solofanua na taunuu atu i lena tautoulu. Ae ina ua taunuu mai vaega muamua i lena vaitau, e lei i ai Ioane ma Lovina faatasi ma i latou. O le mea moni, o tala ia i la’ua e lei oo mai seia taunuu mai le vaega lona tolu o taavale toso i le amataga o Oketopa.

“Ua oo mai le vaega o taavale toso i le vanu,” na tau atu ai e Martha Ann ia Iosefa, “ae ua latou fai mai o le vaega o loo i ai Ioane e tolu vaiaso ua tuai ai.”

Sa leai sa latou tala e uiga ia Lovina ma lona aiga.²⁷

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O Ioane Samita e lei tolu vaiaso na tuai ai. Na ia taunuu i le vanu i le isi lua aso faatasi ma Franklin Richards ma le vaega laitiiti o faifeautalai ua maea. Ao agai atu i sasae, na fepasiai Ioane ma i latou i Independence Rock, pe a ma le 350 maila mai le Aai o Sate Leki. Na latou ta’u atu ia te ia o Lovina ma lona aiga na taunuu atu i Florence i le faaiuga o le tausaga ma na filifili e le toe faaauau i lena tausaga.²⁸

I le faanoanoa, na mafaufau ai Ioane e faaauau i sasae. Na mafanafana ma manino pea le tau i laufanua laugatasi. E mafai lava ona ia malaga i le fituselau maila o totoe i Florence, nofo ai i le taumalulu ma Lovina ma lona aiga, ma fesoasoani ia i latou e o mai i sisifo i le tautoulu. Ae afai na te faia lena mea, o le a ia tuua Hellen ma le la fanau e tausia i latou lava i Iuta. Na fesili atu Ioane ia Franklin po o le a le mea o le a ia faia, ma na fautuaina o ia e le aposetolo e toe foi i le vanu faatasi ma ia ma lana vaega.²⁹

I le aso 4 o Oketopa i le afiafi, na latou taunuu ai i le Aai o Sate Leki, na tau atu e Franklin i le Au Perresitene Sili o vaega a Willie ma Martin ma le lua vaega o taavale solofanua sa lima selau, pe onoselau maila le mamao ese. O le aofai atoa, e sili atu ma se afe le Au Paia na i ai pea i sasae o le Mauga Papa, ma e lei manatu Franklin o le a mafai e le vaega a Martin ona taunuu mai ae lei oo i le faaiuga o Novema.³⁰

Na faateia le au peresitene i le lipoti a Franklin. I le iloaina na tuua e nisi vaega Egelani i le faaiuga o le tausaga, na latou manatu ai o Franklin ma ofisa o femalagaaiga o le a faatonuina i latou e faatali seia oo i le tautoulu ona o mai ai lea i sisifo. E lei auina atu e le Ekalesia ni taumafa i sasae e toe sapalai ai vaega o totoe, ma o lona uiga o le a le lava taumafa e tausia ai i latou i le latou malaga. Afai e le fano na vaega i le aisa ma le kiona, o le a latou feoti i le fiaaai —sei vagana ua o atu le Au Paia e laveai i latou.³¹

I sauniga o le Ekalesia i le aso na sosoo ai, na saunoa atu Polika i le taimi lava lea e uiga i aumalaga ua lamatia. “Ua tatau ona aumaia i latou iinei; e tatau ona tatou auina atu le fesoasoani ia i latou.” na ia folafola atu ai. “O lo’u talitonuga lena. “O le upu tusia lena a le Agaga Paia o loo ia te a’u. O le laveaiina lea o tagata.”³²

Na valaau atu Polika i epikopo ia faatulaga nei loa ni vaega o miula ma sapalai. Na ia talosaga atu mo ni alii ia saunia e tuua i le vave e mafai ai ma valaau atu i tamaitai ia amata ona faatulaga ni saofaga o palanikeke, lavalava, ma seevae.

“O lo outou faatuatua, tapuaiga, ma tautinoga o tou tulaga faalelotu, o le a le laveaiina ai se agaga se tasi o outou i le malo selesitila a lo tatou Atua,” na ia saunoa atu ai, “sei vagana ua outou faatino tonu lava ia mataupu faavae e pei ona ou aoaoina ai nei outou. Ia outou o atu nei ma aumai na tagata o loo i laufanua valevalenoa.”³³

Ae latou te lei tuua le sauniga, na aveese e nisi tamaitai o latou totini mafanafana, ofuloto, ma soo se mea lava na mafai ona latou faasoa atu ma faaputu i totonu o taavale solofanua.³⁴ O isi tamaitai ma alii na vave lava ona aoina mai taumafa ma sapalai ma saunia ia tausia le aumalaga i le taimi lava e taunuu ai.

I le lua aso mulimuli ane, na sili atu i le limasefulu alii ma le luasefulu taavale solofanua laveai na tuua le vanu ma amata ona sopoia mauga. Na mulimuli atu isi i vaiaso na sosoo ai. I totonu o le au laveai muamua na i ai le toalima o faifeautalai o e na toe foi mai i fale i le vaega a Franklin Richards i le na o le tolu aso talu ai.³⁵

1. “General Epistle,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Jan. 26, 1856, 18:49–55, 58, 64; tagai foi Thirteenth General Epistle, Oct. 1855, i le Neilson and Waite, Settling the Valley, 237–50. Autu: Handcart Companies [Vaega o Taavale Toso}

2. Tagai Mataupu Faavae ma Feagaiga 29:8–11.

3. “General Epistle,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Jan. 26, 1856, 18:56–58; Thirteenth General Epistle, Oct. 1855, i le Neilson and Waite, Settling the Valley, 237–50; tagai foi “Emigration by Hand-Carts,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, June 14, 1856, 18:369.

4. “Gathering of the Poor,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Feb. 2, 1856, 18:73–74.

5. Haven, Journal, Feb. 14, 1856, ma Dec. 4, 1855; “Arrivals,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Mar. 1, 1856, 18:140; “Jesse Haven,” Missionary Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/missionary; tagai foi “Cape Conference History,” [1], in South African Mission, South Africa Mission Manuscript History and Historical Reports, volume 1, part 1, 1853.

6. “The Ship ‘Caravan,’” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Mar. 1, 1856, 18:140; “Mormons at Castle Garden,” Deseret News, June 4, 1856, [4]; tagai foi Thurston, Reminiscence, [2]; and England, Reminiscence, 3.

7. Tagai Haven, Journal, Nov. 3, 1855; Dec. 15, 1855; Jan. 1, 1856.

8. Jesse Haven to the First Presidency, Jan. 1856, 28–29, 32–[33], Brigham Young Office Files, CHL. Upusii na suia mo le manino; “two or three hundred thousand of inhabitants” in original changed to “two or three hundred thousand inhabitants.” Autu: South Africa [Aferika i Saute]

9. Departures,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Apr. 5, 1856, 18:217; “Emigrants for Utah,” Deseret News, July 3, 1856, [8]; Haven, Journal, Mar. 22–23 ma May 25, 1856; “Departures,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, June 14, 1856, 18:377. Autu: Emigration [Aumalaga]

10. Haven, Journal, Mar. 5, 1856; Thirteenth General Epistle, Oct. 1855, i le Neilson and Waite, Settling the Valley, 237–50; “Foreign Correspondence,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Dec. 22, 1855, 17:813–14.

11. Haven, Journal, May 22 and 25, 1856; “Departures,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, June 14, 1856, 18:377; [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1; 1851 England and Wales Census, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, 25; Martin, Journal, Aug. 28, 1852, ma Feb. 8–21, 1853; Mormon Battalion Company C, Muster Roll, 1846, CHL; Minutes, Deseret News, Extra, Sept. 14, 1852, 10.

12. Haven, Journal, May 25, 1856.

13. Kingsford, Autobiographical Sketch, 1–2; [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1; tagai foi Arrington, “Finest of Fabrics: Mormon Women and the Silk Industry in Early Utah,” 378–80.

14. Kingsford, Autobiographical Sketch, 2, 6; Haven, Journal, June 28–July 8, 1856; [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1; “Correspondence from the Camp at Florence,” Mormon, Aug. 30, 1856, [2]; Archer, Reminiscences, [124]; Smith, “Leadership, Planning, and Management,” 124–61; tagai foi William Empey Company (1854), Edward Bunker Company (1856), Edmund Ellsworth Company (1856), ma Daniel D. McArthur Company (1856), Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.

15. [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1; Kingsford, Autobiographical Sketch, 2; James G. Willie Handcart Company, Emigrating Company Journal, June 28, 1856; July 8 ma 15, 1856; tagai foi General Epistle from the Council of the Twelve Apostles, Dec. 23, 1847;ma Edward Martin Company (1856), William B. Hodgetts Company (1856), ma John A. Hunt Company (1856), Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.

16. Haven, Journal, July 22, 1856; Kingsford, Autobiographical Sketch, 2; Olsen, Price We Paid, 25; tagai foi “Emigration,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Dec. 22, 1855, 27:810; ma [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1.

17. Haven, Journal, Aug. 19–23, 1856; Josiah Rogerson Sr., “Tells Story of Trials of the Handcart Pioneers,” Salt Lake Tribune, Nov. 30, 1913, 11; Hamilton, Journal, Aug. 1856; [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 8, 1878, 1; Platt, Reminiscences, 2; Josiah Rogerson, “Martin’s Handcart Company, 1856,” Salt Lake Herald, Oct. 27, 1907, 11.

18. General Epistle from the Council of the Twelve Apostles, Dec. 23, 1847; Brigham Young to Orson Hyde and others, Oct. 9, 1848, copy, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; Sixth General Epistle, Sept. 1851; Eighth General Epistle, Oct. 1852, in Neilson and Waite, Settling the Valley, 150, 171; “General Epistle,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Mar. 15, 1848, 6:84; Erastus Snow to John Taylor, Sept. 15, 1856, in Mormon, Sept. 27, 1856, [2]; tagai foi Christy, “Weather, Disaster, and Responsibility,” 10–17.

19. Olsen, Price We Paid, 80–85, 282–94; Christy, “Weather, Disaster, and Responsibility,” 19–21.

20. Josiah Rogerson, “Martin’s Handcart Company, 1856,” Salt Lake Herald, Oct. 27, 1907, 11; “Discourse,” Deseret News, Oct. 15, 1856, [4]; tagai foi Beecroft, Journal, Aug. 5, 1856.

21. Josiah Rogerson, “Martin’s Handcart Company, 1856,” Salt Lake Herald, Oct. 27, 1907, 11; “Discourse,” Deseret News, Oct. 15, 1856, [4]; Haven, Journal, Aug. 22 and 24, 1856; Bond, “Handcarts West in ’56,” [21]; taqgai foi Beecroft, Journal, Aug. 5, 1856. Upusii a Franklin Richards na toe suia ina ia faigofie ona faitauina; o le uluai tusiga o loo i ai “When we had a meeting at Florence, we called upon the saints to express their faith to the people, and requested to know of them, even if they knew that they should be swallowed up in storms, whether they would stop or turn back.”

22. “Discourse,” Deseret News, Oct. 15, 1856, [4]; Josiah Rogerson, “Martin’s Handcart Company, 1856,” Salt Lake Herald, Oct. 27, 1907, 11.

23. Haven, Journal, Aug. 15 and 24–26, 1856; Sept. 18, 1856; Smith, “Leadership, Planning, and Management,” 156–57; Kingsford, Autobiographical Sketch, 2; “Emigration to Utah,” Mormon, Sept. 13, 1856, [2]; [John Jaques], “Some Reminiscences,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Dec. 1, 1878, 1; Archer, Reminiscences, 126–27, 129–30; tagai foi Haven, Journal, Aug. 1–2, 1856.

24. Woodruff, Journal, Sept. 7 and 14, 1856; Jedediah M. Grant, in Journal of Discourses, Nov. 2, 1856, 4:70–75; Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, Aug. 30, 1857, 5:166–71; W. G. Mills, “God Remembers Zion!,” Deseret News, Nov. 5, 1856, [2]; “Great Reformation,” Deseret News, Sept. 24, 1856, [4]; Peterson, “Mormon Reformation of 1856–1857,” 63–68; tagai foi Obituary for Jedediah Morgan Grant, Deseret News, Dec. 10, 1856, [5]. Autu: Reformation of 1856–57

25. “Remarks,” Deseret News, Oct. 1, 1856, [3]; Jedediah Grant, in Journal of Discourses, Sept. 21, 1856, 4:49–51; tagai foi Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 210–13.

26. Martha Ann Smith to Joseph F. Smith, [circa] Apr. 1856; July 29, 1856, Joseph F. Smith, Papers, CHL; Fifth General Epistle, Apr. 1851, in Neilson and Waite, Settling the Valley, 128.

27. John Smith to Joseph F. Smith, July 31, 1856; Martha Ann Smith to Joseph F. Smith, July 29, 1856; Oct. 2, 1856, Joseph F. Smith, Papers, CHL; tagai foi Edward Bunker Company (1856) list, Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.

28. “Journey from Florence to G. S. L. City,” Deseret News, Oct. 22, 1856, [2]; John Smith to Joseph F. Smith, Nov. 3, 1856, Joseph F. Smith, Papers, CHL; George D. Grant Company (1856), Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.

29. John Smith to Joseph F. Smith, Nov. 3, 1856, Joseph F. Smith, Papers, CHL; tagai foi “Journey from Florence to G. S. L. City,” Deseret News, Oct. 22, 1856, [2].

30. Historical Department, Office Journal, Oct. 4, 1856; Historian’s Office, General Church Minutes, Oct. 4, 1856; tagai foi “Journey from Florence to G. S. L. City,” Deseret News, Oct. 22, 1856, [2]; ma Brigham Young to Orson Pratt, Oct. 30, 1856, in Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Feb. 14, 1857, 19:97, 99.

31. Brigham Young to Orson Pratt, Oct. 30, 1856, in Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Feb. 14, 1857, 19:97–99; Christy, “Weather, Disaster, and Responsibility,” 23–28.

32. Historian’s Office, General Church Minutes, Oct. 5, 1856; “Remarks,” Deseret News, Oct. 15, 1856, [4], [8]. Autu: Handcart Companies [Vaega o Taavale Toso}

33. “Remarks,” Deseret News, Oct. 15, 1856, [4], [7].

34. Lucy Meserve Smith, Account of Relief Society in 1856, as Recorded in “Historical Sketches,” June 12, 1889 (Excerpt), in Derr and others, First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 217.

35. Historical Department, Office Journal, Oct. 4 ma 7, 1856; Historian’s Office, General Church Minutes, Oct. 5–6, 1856; “Offerings for the Assistance of the P. E. F. Immigrants,” Oct. 1856, Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company, General Files, CHL; Cluff, Autobiography, Oct. 7, 1856, 18–19; Allred, Journal, Oct. 7, 1856; Olsen and Allphin, Follow Me to Zion, 222; Rescue Companies (1856) list, Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.