Ko hono Ikunaʻi e Mahaki Fakaʻauha ʻo e Maʻunimaá
Ko e maʻu ha mahino ki he maʻunimaá ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ki hono ikunaʻi iá. Ka kuo pau ke tau falala ki he ʻEikí pea tui te Ne lava ʻo fakamoʻui kitautolu.
Fakatātā mei he Getty Images; fakaʻilonga meia Augusto Zambonato
Ko e taimi ʻoku fefaʻuhi ai ha taha mo e maʻunimaá, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke ʻiloʻi ʻoku ʻi ai pē ʻamanaki lelei. ʻOku ʻi ai e kakai ʻi he tapa kotoa pē ʻo māmani ʻoku nau lava ʻo tauʻatāina mei he kemikale pe ʻulungaanga ʻokú ne fakapōpulaʻi kinautolú. ʻE fie maʻu ha tokanga makehe fakafoʻituitui, ko ha mahino ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻenau maʻunimaá, fakataha mo ha tui ʻe lava ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻo ueʻi kinautolu ʻi heʻenau fononga fakafoʻituitui ki he tauʻatāiná.
Lolotonga e taʻu e 38 ʻo ʻeku tokoniʻi e kakaí ke nau ikunaʻi e maʻunimaá, kuó u mamata ki he fakalakalaka ʻa ʻetau mahino mo e tōʻonga ki he maʻunimaá ʻi he fakalau ʻa e taimí. ʻOku ou tui mālohi ʻe hokohoko pehē atu ai pē ʻa e liliu ko ʻení ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ka hoko maí. Neongo ʻoku fehangahangai ʻa kinautolu ʻoku nau ako ki he saienisi ʻo e maʻunimaá mo ha ngaahi fehuʻi faingataʻa, ka ʻoku tau hokohoko atu ke fakalakalaka. Ko ia ai ko e fakamatala ʻoku fakahā atu ko ʻení ʻoku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he meʻa ʻoku mau ʻiloʻi he taimi ní, ʻi he tui ʻe ʻi ai ha mahino mo ha ʻilo lahi ange ʻe tānaki mai ki ai ʻamui ange.
Maʻu ha Mahino ki he Maʻunimaá
ʻOku ou ʻiloʻi ʻa e mamahi fakaeloto ʻo e fefaʻuhi mo e maʻunimaá, ka ko e fuofua sitepú ko hoʻo maʻu ha mahino ki he maʻunimaá. Ko ha ngaahi fakakaukau mahuʻinga ʻeni ke tokoni ke tau maʻu ha mahino ki he kaveingá:
-
ʻOku kamata ʻaki ʻa e maʻunimaá ʻa hono fakaʻali ha taha ki he meʻa fakatupu maʻunimaá pea ko hono olá ko e fakafalala e moʻuí ki ai. Ko e fē pē tuʻunga ʻoku ʻi ai ha taha ʻi he vahaʻataimi ko ʻení, te nau kei lava pē ʻo fili ke nau ikunaʻi ʻa e ʻulungaanga maʻunimaá.
-
ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa hono ui ha taha ko ha taha maʻunimaá ke uesia ai ʻenau tupulaki ʻi he kahaʻu lōloá. ʻOku moʻoni ʻeni tautautefito ki he fuofua taimi ʻoku kamata ai ʻa e ʻulungaanga maʻunimaá. ʻE ngali tokoni ange ʻa e pehē ʻoku “lolotonga fakaakeake”. ʻOku hangē pē ia ha pehē, “ʻOku ou fili ke falala ki he Fakamoʻuí mo ʻEne Fakaleleí kae lava ke u hoko ʻo hangē pē ko Iá” kae ʻikai ko e pehē, “ʻOku ou fihia ʻi he faiangahalá ʻo taʻengata.”
-
ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e maʻunimaá: fakaesino (tukufakaholo, faʻunga ʻo e ʻatamaí etc.), fakaeloto (mahuʻinga fakatāutahá, ʻulungaanga fakatāutahá, kulukiatamakí, etc.), fakasosiale (ongomātuʻá, kaungāmeʻá, tōʻonga fakafonuá, etc.), mo e fakalaumālie (ngaahi tōʻonga fakalotú etc.). Ko hono fakatahaʻi kotoa ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ko ʻení mo honau mālohingá ʻoku faʻa makehe tatau pē mo e tokotaha ʻoku maʻunimaá. ʻE fie maʻu ha tokanga makehe mo fakafoʻituitui ki he tokotahá kae lava ke nau ʻataʻatā mei he ʻulungaanga koví.
Fakaesino
Fakaeloto mo Fakaʻatamai
Fakasōsiale
Fakalaumālie
Ngaahi Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Hala ki he Maʻunimaá
Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻeni ʻo ha tokotaha ʻoku kamata ke ne fou he halá ke maʻu ha tōʻonga, pea fakamālohi, pea maʻunimā leva:
-
Uluisino: ʻOku ʻikai ke nau toe saiʻia ʻi he ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakatupu moʻui leleí ʻi he fakaʻau ke fakaaoao ʻa e kemikalé pe ʻulungaanga fakatuʻutāmakí.
-
Fakalalahi honau uʻá: ʻOku nau holi ke maʻu ʻo toe lahi ange.
-
Fakapulipuli: ʻOku fakaʻau ke nau taʻefiemālie ke fakaʻatā ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he niʻihi kehé ʻenau filí mo e ʻulungāngá.
ʻĪmisisigns on the path to addiction -
Fakaʻikaiʻi: ʻOku nau loi kiate kinautolu pē fekauʻaki mo e fakalalahi ʻenau maʻunimaá pea ʻoku nau tui ki heʻenau loi pē ʻanautolú.
-
Fakaholomui: Ko e taimi ʻoku ʻikai ke nau toe maʻu ai e kemikale pe ʻulungaanga fakatuʻutāmakí, ʻoku mole atu ʻenau tuʻunga moʻui leleí.
-
Toe foki: Neongo ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi e nunuʻa kovi ʻoku hoko ʻi heʻenau moʻuí, ka ʻoku nau toe foki pē ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e kemikalé pe ʻulungāngá.
ʻIkai ngata aí, ko e tokotaha ʻoku maʻunimaá ʻoku ʻikai ko e tokotaha lelei taha ia ke ne siviʻi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻokú ne ʻi ai ʻi he meʻafua ʻo e maʻunimaá ʻi he taimi pē ʻoku kamata ai e tōʻonga maʻunimaá. Kapau ʻokú ke fifili pe ʻoku ʻi ai nai ha taha ʻokú ke ʻofa ai ʻoku ʻi he hala ʻo e maʻunimaá, ʻoku lahi e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni ʻe ala tokoni atu, ʻi hoʻo koló kae pehē foki ki he ʻinitanetí.
Fekumi ki ha Faitoʻo
-
ʻOku maʻu ʻe he tokotaha kotoa pē ʻa e fatongia ke liliú. Neongo ʻe ala tokoni ʻa e fāmilí mo e ngaahi kaungāmeʻá, ka heʻikai ke nau kaunoa ʻi he tauʻatāina ʻa ha tokotaha kehe. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ha loto-holi ʻa e tokotahá ke liliu, he ʻikai pē ola lelei ha faʻahinga faitoʻo ia.
-
ʻE lava ke kehekehe pē ʻa e founga fakaakeaké ki he tokotaha kotoa pē. Koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi mālohinga mo e vaivai ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻe fā naʻe lave ki ai kimuʻá (fakaesino, fakaeloto, fakasosiale mo e fakalaumālie), ʻoku ʻikai ha faitoʻo pau pē ʻe taha ʻe lelei ki he tokotaha kotoa pē. ʻE hoko ʻa e ako fakafoʻituituí, kumi faleʻi mei he kau mataotaó, mo e tukupā ke kātaki kae ʻoua kuo maʻu ha solovaʻangá, ke iku ai ki he lavameʻá.
-
Neongo ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e maʻunimā taʻe ʻi ai hano solovaʻangá ke uesia ai e moʻui ʻo e tokotaha maʻunimaá, ka ʻoku toe uesia kovi foki mo honau ʻofaʻanga kotoa pē. ʻOku fie maʻu foki ʻe he kakai ʻofa mo fie tokoni ko ʻení ʻa e poupoú mo e tokangá.
Koeʻuhí ʻoku maʻu ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e mālohi ke toʻo ʻa e faingataʻa ko ʻení mei he tokotaha ʻoku uesiá ʻo kapau te nau fakangofua Iá, ʻoku ʻi ai Haʻane ngaahi meʻa ke nau ako mei ai ʻi heʻenau ngāue fakataha mo Ia ke maʻu ha solovaʻangá. ʻOku meimei pehē mo e tokotaha kotoa pē kuo nau ikunaʻi ʻenau maʻunimaá, ʻe lava ke nau fakamoʻoni ki he meʻa ne nau ako ʻi heʻenau ikunaʻi fakafoʻituitui ʻa honau maʻunimaá.