Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Vahe 17: Ke Fakahaofi Kitaua


“Ke Fakahaofi Kitaua,” vahe 17 ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoní: Ko e Talanoa ʻo e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, Voliume 3, Laka Atu ʻi he Loto-Toʻa, Anga Fakaʻeiʻeiki, mo e Tauʻatāina, 1893–1955 (2021)

Vahe 17: “Ke Fakahaofi Kitaua”

Vahe 17

Ke Fakahaofi Kitaua

ʻĪmisi
loto kolo ʻo Sōleki Sití mo e ngaahi meʻalele ʻo e 1920 ʻi he sinoú

ʻI he hokohoko atu e mafola ʻa e Siasí ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní, naʻe fāinga ʻa Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite mo e kahaʻu ʻo e ako ʻa e Siasí. ʻI he taʻu ʻe uofulu mā nima kuohilí, kuo liunga hongofulu e fakamole ki hono fakalele ʻo e ngaahi ʻapiako ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi ne holoki ai e fakamolé, hangē ko hono fetongi ʻo e polokalama ako fakasiteiki mamafá ʻaki e polokalama seminelí. Ka naʻe kei tupulaki pē e ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí, ʻUnivēsiti ʻa e Siasí mo e ngaahi akoʻanga kehe ʻa e Siasí. Kapau naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi akoʻangá ni ke fakalele ʻa e akó ʻi he tuʻunga lelei tatau mo ia ʻo e ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻIutaá mo e ngaahi ʻapiako fakalotofonua kehe ʻoku fakalele ʻe he siteití, ʻe fie maʻu ha paʻanga lahi ange ia ʻi he lahi ʻo e paʻanga vahehongofulú.1

Naʻe hohaʻa mo tokanga maʻu pē ʻa e palōfitá ki he fakamolé. Naʻá ne talaange ki he Poate Ako Fakalūkufua ʻa e Siasí ʻi Fēpueli ʻo e 1926, “Kuo teʻeki ai ha meʻa te ne toe hohaʻasi lahi ange au talu mei heʻeku hoko ko e palesitení.” Naʻe fie maʻu ke fakamoleki ʻe he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí ha paʻanga ʻe taha miliona tupu ke fakalahi ʻaki hono ʻapiakó. Naʻe talaange ʻe Palesiteni Kalānite, “He ʻikai ke tau lava ʻo fakahoko ia. Ko hono fakakātoa ia.”2

Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe ha kau mēmipa ʻe niʻihi ʻo e poaté, ʻi heʻenau fevahevaheʻaki ki he meʻa naʻe hohaʻa ki ai ʻa e palōfitá, ke tāpuni ʻe he Siasí hono ngaahi kolisí mo e ʻunivēsití kotoa, ʻo kau ai ʻa BYU (ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí). Ka naʻe fakafepakiʻi ia ʻe he ongo ʻaposetolo ko Tēvita O. Makei mo Sione Uitisoú, ʻa ia naʻá na fakatou ako ʻi he ngaahi akoʻanga ʻa e Siasí mo hoko ko ha komisiona ʻo e ako ʻa e Siasí, ʻo na pehē naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he kakai lalahi kei talavoú ʻa e ngaahi akoʻanga ʻa e Siasí ki he ako fakalotu mahuʻinga ne fakahoko aí.

Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Makei ʻi ha fakataha ʻa e poaté ʻi Māʻasi, “Naʻe fokotuʻu e ngaahi ʻapiakó koeʻuhí ko e ivi tākiekina te nau maʻu ʻi he moʻui ʻetau fānaú.” Naʻá ne tui naʻe mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi kolisi mo e ʻunivēsiti ʻa e Siasí ki hono tākiekina mo fakahinohinoʻi ʻo e toʻu tupú ke hoko ko ha Kāingalotu faivelengá.

Naʻe loto ki ai ʻa ʻEletā Uitisou. Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻOku ou ʻilo e mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi akoʻanga ʻa e Siasí ʻi hono teuʻi ha tangatá. ʻOku ou tui ʻe fakahoko ʻe he Siasí ha fehalaaki lahi kapau he ʻikai ke ne pukepuke ha faʻunga ako māʻolunga ange.”3

ʻI he taimi ko ʻení, naʻe fakataha e tokoni ʻo Palesiteni Kalānite ko Sālesi W. Nipilī mo Viliami Ketesí, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí mei ʻAitahō, ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo ʻIutaá. Naʻe kau e ongo ʻofefine ʻo Viliami ko Noma mo Solá ʻi he niʻihi ʻo e Kāingalotu ne ako ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻAitahoó. Naʻe fakataha honau kiʻi koló ʻi ha kiʻi holo naʻe faʻa totongi ʻe he kakai ʻo e feituʻú ke fakahoko ai ha ngaahi hulohula ʻi he pō Tokonakí. ʻI he taimi ʻe ʻalu atu ai ʻa Noma mo Sola ki he Lotú he pongipongi hono hokó, ne kei ʻahuina pē e feituʻú he kohu ʻo e sikaletí, pea laku ʻi he falikí ha veve mo ha ngaahi ngeʻesi hina kava mālohi.4

Naʻe fakaʻamu ʻa Viliami ne ʻi ai ha fale lotu lelei ange maʻa hono ngaahi ʻofefiné ʻe ofi ki he ʻapiakó. Naʻá ne talaange kia Palesiteni Nipilī, “He ʻikai teitei lava ke tohoakiʻi mai ʻe he ʻunivēsití ʻa e tokanga ʻa ha fānau ako Siasi kae ʻoua kuo ʻi ai ha ngaahi fale lelei ange.”5

Naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite mo e poate akó ki he tūkunga ʻi ʻAitahoó ʻi heʻenau aleaʻi e kahaʻu ʻo e ako ʻa e Siasí. Naʻa nau pehē ke hokohoko atu pē hono fakapaʻanga e ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí kae tamateʻi māmālie hifo e toenga ʻo e ngaahi akoʻanga kehe ʻa e Siasí. ʻE kamata foki hono fakahoko ʻe he Siasí ʻa e ako fakalotú ki he fānau akó ʻaki ʻenau fakakau ʻa e seminelí ʻi he lēvolo ʻo e ʻunivēsití. Naʻe vakai e poaté ki he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻAitahoó ke hoko ia ko ha siviʻanga ki he polokalama foʻoú. Ko e meʻa pē ne nau fie maʻú ko ha taha ʻe lava ʻo hiki ki Mosikou, ko e kiʻi kolo siʻisiʻi naʻe tuʻu ai e ʻunivēsití.6

Naʻe fakataha e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻi ʻOkatopa mo Uaili Sēsini, ko ha fakafofonga ngoue mālōlō maʻá e ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻAitahoó, ʻa ia naʻe toki foki mai mei heʻene hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona ʻAfilika Tongá. Naʻa nau fokotuʻu ia ki ha tuʻunga ʻi ha kautaha suka fakalotofonuá, ka ʻi heʻenau talanoa mo ia fekauʻaki mo e lakanga ngāué, naʻe tafoki ʻa Palesiteni Nipilī ki he palōfitá ʻi he vaeua ʻene sētesí ʻo pehē ange,

“ʻOku tau fakahoko ha fehalaaki.”

Naʻe poupou ange ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite, “ʻOku ou tui ki ai. Kuo teʻeki ke u ongoʻi tonu fekauʻaki mo hono vahe ʻo Misa Sēsini ki he kautaha suká.”

Naʻe fakalongolongo ʻa e lokí ʻi ha kiʻi taimi siʻi. Naʻe pehē leva ʻe Palesiteni Nipilī, “Misa Sēsini, ko koe ʻa e tangata ke mau ʻave ki he ʻUnivēsiti ʻAitahoó ke tokangaʻi ʻetau fānau tangata mo fefine ʻoku ako ʻi he ʻunivēsití, pea ke ke vakaiʻi e tūkungá mo talamai e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke fakahoko ʻe he Siasí maʻá e fānau ako Siasi ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi ʻunivēsiti ʻo e siteití.”

Naʻe pehē ange ʻe Uaili, “ʻOiauē kau tamaioʻeiki, ʻikai. ʻOku mou toe uiuiʻi pē au ki ha misiona ʻe taha?” Naʻe feʻunga ʻene ngāue ʻi Saute ʻAfiliká mo ha taʻu ʻe fitu pea naʻá ne iku ai mo hono uaifi ko Makitaliné ki ha tuʻunga ne ʻikai haʻana toe paʻanga.

Naʻe kata e palōfitá [mo pehē ange], “Misa Sēsini, ʻikai, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau toe uiuiʻi koe ki ha misiona ʻe taha. ʻOku mau ʻoatu ha faingamālie lelei ke ke fakahoko ai ha ngāue tokoni maʻongoʻonga maʻá e Siasí.” Naʻá ne toe tānaki atu ko ha faingamālie fakapalōfesinale ia—ko ha lakanga naʻe totongi.

Naʻe tuʻu loto-mamahi hake ʻa Uaili. Naʻe ʻunu atu ʻa Palesiteni Nipilī kiate ia ʻo puke hono nimá.

Peá ne pehē ange, “ʻOua te ke loto-mamahí. Ko e meʻa ʻeni ʻoku finangalo e ʻEikí ke ke fakahokó.”7


Naʻe ʻufiʻufi ʻe he sinoú ʻa Sōleki Siti ʻi he ʻUluaki ʻAho ʻo e Taʻu 1927, ka naʻe kāpui ʻe ha huelo ngingila e ʻapi ʻo e fāmili Uitisoú, ʻo ne fakamāfanaʻi ai pē ia.8 Ko e angamahení, ko e kiʻi tamasiʻi taʻu hongofulu mā fā pē ko ʻIutolá naʻe kei ʻi ʻapí, ka kuo fakatahataha kotoa mai e fāmilí ki he ngaahi ʻaho mālōloó, pea naʻe fiefia ʻa Lia ke ofi ai ki heʻene fānaú.

Naʻe fakamaʻu ʻa Māseli, taʻu uongofulu mā-fā he taimi ko iá, ke mali pea toe pē ha ngaahi māhina siʻi peá ne ʻosi mei he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻIutaá. Naʻá ne fakaʻamu he ʻikai fuoloa peá ne hū ki he ʻUnivēsiti Hāvatí, ʻo hangē ko ʻene tamaí, pea mahalo ke ako ki he pule fakapisinisí.9 Lolotonga iá, naʻe toki mali hono tuofefine lahi ko Ané mo Luisi Uālisi, ko ha loea kei talavou ʻo e Siasí, peá ne hiki mo ia ki Uāsingatoni, DC. Ka naʻá ne foki mai ki ʻIutā ʻi he fuʻu lahi ʻene taʻelatá, pea naʻe hohaʻa ʻa Lia kiate ia. Ka naʻe kei fakafetaʻi pē ʻa Lia mo Sione fakatouʻosi ʻi he angaʻofa mo e ʻaloʻofa ʻa e ʻEikí ki hona fāmilí.10

ʻI he fakalau mai ʻa e taʻu foʻoú, naʻe toe foki ʻa Sione ki hono ngaahi fatongia ʻi he Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, pea naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Lia hono taimi ʻataá ke tokoni ki heʻene faʻeé ʻi ha ngāue faʻu tohi foʻou.11 Naʻe mamata ʻa Lia ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi ki hono tānaki ʻe Susa ha fakamatala mo hiki ha ngaahi talanoa fekauʻaki mo ʻene tamai ko Pilikihami ʻIongí, ʻo fakataumuʻa ke pulusi hono piokālafí ʻi ha ʻaho. Ka ʻi ha taimi kimuʻa atu, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe Lia neongo naʻe kei fakalakalaka pē ʻene faʻeé ʻi he ngaahi ngāue tohi kehé, hangē ko ʻene hisitōlia ʻo e houʻeiki fafine ʻo e Siasí, ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne toe ngāue ʻi he piokālafí.

Naʻe fehuʻi ange ʻe Lia ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha. “Faʻē, fēfē ʻa e tohi fekauʻaki mo hoʻo tamaí? ʻOku ʻikai ke ke toe tohi nai ia ʻe koe?”

Naʻe tali ange ʻe Susa, “ʻIkai, ʻoku fuʻu lahi ia kiate au. Kapau te ke tuʻu ʻi ha veʻe moʻunga, he ʻikai te ke fuʻu lava ʻo fakamatalaʻi e moʻungá, he ʻokú ke fuʻu ofi ke sio ki ai.”

Naʻe vilikikihi pē ʻa Lia, “Ka neongo ia, kuo pau ke ke fakahoko ia. ʻE ʻi ai pē ha ʻaho kuo pau ke ke hiki ai e tohi ko iá fekauʻaki mo hoʻo tamaí, pea te u fiefia ke tokoni atu ai.”12

Talu mei ai, mo hono faʻu ʻe Susa ha ongo fakamatala lalahi ʻaupito ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongi peá ne fakaafeʻi ʻa Lia ke tokoni ange ʻi hono fakatahaʻi mo fakatonutonu kinaua ki ha piokālafi pē ʻe tahá. Naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe Lia e faingataʻa ʻa e ngāué pea fakafoʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ka naʻá ne ʻilo ne fie maʻu ʻe heʻene faʻeé ʻene tokoní. Naʻe natula tohi pē ʻa Susa mo ha ʻatamai faʻa fakakaukau pea mo ha leʻo afea. Ka naʻe fakaleleiʻi mo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei ʻe Lia ʻene tohí. Naʻá na hoko ko ha timi lelei ʻi heʻena ngāue fakataha ʻi he ʻapi ʻo Susá.13

ʻI he pongipongi ʻo e ʻaho 23 ʻo Mē 1927, naʻe taʻofi fakafokifā e ngāue angamaheni ʻa Liá ʻi he taimi ne aʻutaki mai ai ha tohi mei Pelesitoni, ʻAitahō, ʻa ia naʻe faiako semineli ai ʻa Māselí. Kimui mai, hili ha tokoni ʻa Māseli ki ha tokotaha fakaʻuli naʻe mate ʻene meʻalelé ʻi he veʻehalá, naʻe maʻu ia ʻe he momoko lahi fakaʻulia. Neongo ne tui hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ne fakaʻau ke sai ange, ka naʻe fakaʻau ke fuʻu māʻolunga hono fua māfaná. ʻE lava pē ke maʻu ʻe he niumōniá hono maʻamaʻá pea ʻe tuʻu laveangofua ai ʻene moʻuí.14

Naʻe heka ʻa Lia ʻi ha lēlue ki Pelesitoni ʻi he taimi pē ko iá pea ʻikai fuoloa kuó ne ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo Māselí. ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, naʻe holo ʻene mofí ʻo maʻu ai ʻe Lia ha ʻamanaki lelei te ne sai pē. Ka ʻi he ʻikai ke ne toe fakalakalaká, naʻe toe foki mai ʻene tailiilí. Naʻe kau fakataha mo ia ʻa Sione ʻi Pelesitoni, ʻo kole ki he ʻEikí ke fakahaofi e moʻui ʻa Māselí. Naʻá ne ui ha taha ʻo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ko ha toketā, ke tokangaʻi e talavoú. Naʻe foaki ʻe hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻa kehé ha tāpuaki lakanga fakataulaʻeiki kia Māseli pea nau kaungā-ʻāʻā mo ia he poʻulí.

ʻI he ongosia ʻa Liá, naʻá ne pongia ai ʻi he ʻaho 27 ʻo Meé. Ka neongo ia, ʻi he pō ko iá, naʻe ʻasi ha fakaʻilonga meia Māseli naʻe fakaʻau ke ne sai. Naʻe tūʻuta atu he pongipongi hokó hono kaumeʻa naʻá na teu mali ko Melioni Hilí. Naʻe hangē kuo maʻa e maʻamaʻa ʻo Māselí, pea toe holo mo hono fua māfaná. Ka ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e ʻaho ko iá, naʻe fakaʻau ke kovi ʻene mānavá pea fefulofulai hono sinó. Naʻe nofo pē ʻa Lia ʻi hono tafaʻakí mo Sione mo Melioni he hoʻatā efiafí kotoa. Naʻe ʻosi atu ha ngaahi houa, ka ne ʻikai pē ke toe fakalakalaka. Naʻá ne mālōlō kimui ange he efiafi ko iá.15

Naʻe ʻikai lava ke fakafiemālieʻi ʻa Lia. Kuo mālōlō ha toko fā ʻo ʻene fānaú. Ko hono foha ʻeni ne toé, ʻa ia ne ngali lelei mo pau hono kahaʻú ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e taʻu foʻoú, kuó ne mālōlō mo ia.16


ʻI he faʻahitaʻu failau ko iá, ʻi ha mei kilomita nai ʻe uaafe nimangeau fitungofulu mā nima ki he fakahahake ʻo Sōleki Sití, naʻe teuteu ai e kiʻi tamasiʻi taʻu valu ko Paula Pangí ke papitaiso. Ko e fika ono ia ʻi ha fānau ʻe toko hongofulu—ko ha fānau fefine ʻe toko fā mo ha fānau tangata ʻe toko ono. Naʻa nau nofo ʻi ha loki ne fōtunga hangē ha mataʻi tohi L, ʻi mui ʻi ha falekoloa naʻe fakalele ʻe heʻene ongomātuʻá ʻi Sinisinati, ʻOhaiō, ko ha kolo naʻe tokolahi hake he toko fā kilú ʻi he vaeuaʻanga-mālie ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Ke kei maʻu pē ʻe he fāmilí ha tuʻunga fakapulipulí, ne nau vahevahe e lokí ki ha konga ʻe fā ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha ngaahi puipui. Ka ne ʻikai fuʻu maʻu ʻe ha taha ha faʻahinga fakapulipuli. ʻI he poʻulí, ne nau mohe ʻi ha ngaahi mohenga tāpelu ʻa ia naʻá ne maʻu ha konga lahi ʻo e lokí ʻo ʻikai toe faʻa lava ai ha taha ke ngaue holo.17

Naʻe haʻu e tamai ʻa Paulá, Kalisitiane Pangi ko e Lahí, mei Siamane. ʻI heʻene kei siʻí, naʻe hiki hono fāmilí ki Sinisinati, ʻa ia ne nofo ai ha kau hikifonua Siamane tokolahi lolotonga e senituli hongofulu mā hivá. ʻI he 1908, naʻe mali ʻa Kalisitiane mo Losa Kiefā, ʻa ia ko ʻene ongomātuʻá ko ha ongo hikifonua foki mei Siamane. Hili ha taʻu ʻe tolu mei ai, naʻe ʻoange ʻe he kaungāmeʻa ʻo Losa ko ʻElisī Hāpeleketí ha Tohi ʻa Molomona kia Losa, pea naʻá ne lau ia mo Kalisitiane, ʻo na tui ki ai. Hili ha taʻu ʻe taha ʻo ʻena fetaulaki mo e kau faifekaú, naʻá na papitaiso ʻi ha kaukauʻanga faka-Siu koeʻuhí ne poloka e Vaitafe ʻOhaiō ofi maí ia.18

Naʻe tatau pē ʻa e kolo ʻi Sinisinatí mo ha ngaahi kolo lahi ʻo e Siasí ʻi he fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe ʻi ai ha taimi naʻe hoko ai ʻa e koló ko ha ʻapi ki ha haʻofanga lotu kuo tupulaki ʻo e Kāingalotú, ka naʻe fakaʻau ke tokosiʻi ange ʻi he fakalau atu ʻa e taʻú ʻi he tānaki fakataha ʻa ha kau mēmipa tokolahi ange ʻo e Siasí ki ʻIutaá. ʻI he taimi ne kau ai e ongomātuʻa ʻa Paulá ki he Siasí, naʻe ʻi ai ha fie ʻilo ki he Kāingalotu ʻi he kiʻi feituʻú. ʻI he taimi naʻe papitaiso ai ʻe he ongo faifekaú ha kiʻi tamasiʻi ʻi he 1912, naʻe haʻu ha kakai ʻe laungeau ki he vaitafé ke fakasiosio kiate ia. Naʻe paaki ʻe he nusipepá ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e papitaisó ʻi he ʻaho hono hokó, ʻo faleʻi e kau laukongá naʻe ʻi he feituʻu ko iá ha ongo faifekau.

Naʻe pehē ai, “ʻE fakahoko ha feinga lahi ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku taʻe-ueʻia e tui ʻa e kau papi uluí.”19

Hili ʻena kau ki he Siasí, naʻe kau atu e ongomātuʻa ʻa Paulá ki ha ngaahi fakatahaʻanga mo e kau faifekaú mo ha Kāingalotu tokosiʻi ʻi ha kiʻi holo siʻisiʻi ne nau totongi. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo hiki ha mēmipa ʻe taha ʻo e Siasí ki ʻIutā, naʻe pekia ha taha, pea ʻikai toe haʻu ha toko ua ki he ngaahi fakatahá. Naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Kalisitiane mo Losa ke na kau ʻi he tānaki fakataha ki ʻIutaá, ka naʻá na pehē ke na nofo pē ʻi ʻOhaiō koeʻuhí naʻe ʻi ai hona ongo fāmilí mo e pisinisí.20

Hangē ko e ngaahi kolo ne mamaʻo mei Sōleki Sití, naʻe ʻaonga ki he Kolo Sinisinatí ʻa e tokolahi ange ʻo e kāingalotu taukei ʻo e Siasí ne nau hiki atu ki hono ngaahi ngatangataʻangá. Hili pē ha taimi nounou mei he kau ʻa e fāmili Pangí ki he Siasí, naʻe hiki atu ha ongomātuʻa Siasi mei ʻIutā, Sālesi mo Kilisitina ʻEnitasoni, ki Sinisinati pea kamata ke na ʻalu mo kinaua ki he lotú.

Kuo maʻu ʻenitaumeni mo silaʻi e ongo ʻEnitasoní ʻi he temipalé pea kuo taʻu lahi ʻena ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi uooti mo ha ngaahi siteiki ʻi ʻAmelika Hihifo. Naʻa nau kau ʻi he Kāingalotu tokolahi kuo mavahe mei ʻIutā ke kumi ha ngaahi faingamālie ʻi ha feituʻu kehé. Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Sālesi ʻi Suēteni pea naʻá ne fuofua ngaohi ha kalasi mopi foʻou pea naʻá ne haʻu ki he hahaké ke ngaohi ia. Naʻe ʻikai ke ne ʻilo ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo Sinisinati tukukehe ʻene ʻilo ko ha kolo lahi ia mo ha senitā pisinisiʻanga lelei. Ka neongo ia, naʻe ui ia ʻe he palesiteni ʻo e Misiona ʻo e Ngaahi Siteiti Fakatongá ke toe fokotuʻutuʻu mo tataki e koló. Naʻe hoko e tamai ʻa Paulá ko hono tokoni ʻuluaki.21

Naʻe ʻikai ko ha taimi faingofua ia ke te hoko ai ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sinisinati. Kuo laui taʻu hono fakafepakiʻi ʻe he kau faiongoongó mo e kau fakatangá e Siasí ʻi he feituʻu ko iá. Naʻe tuʻo taha hono ui ʻe he pepa fakalotofonuá ʻa Sinisinati ko ha “fepakiʻanga ʻo hono tauʻi ʻo e mafola ʻa e Māmongá ʻi ʻAmeliká” ʻi he taimi naʻe takiʻi ai ʻe Felengi Kēnoni, ko e foha ʻo Siaosi Q. Kēnoni ne hē mei he moʻoní, ʻa e fakafepakí ʻi he koló.22

Ka neongo e fakafepakí, naʻe kei ngāue mālohi pē e ongomātuʻa ʻa Paulá ke ohi hake ʻena fānaú ʻi he ongoongoleleí. Naʻá na maʻulotu fakauike peá na ngāue faivelenga ʻi he kiʻi kolo siʻisiʻí. ʻI he pongipongi kotoa pē, naʻe ui ʻe heʻene tamaí e tokotaha kotoa pē ke nau lotu fakafāmili mo lau maʻuloto e Lotu ʻa e ʻEikí, ko ha tōʻonga angamaheni ʻi he kau Kalisitiane Siamané. ʻI he ʻaho Mōnité, naʻe faʻa fakaafeʻi ʻe heʻene faʻeé e ongo faifekaú ke nau maʻu meʻatokoni efiafi. Ne tangutu e fāmilí mo e ongo faifekaú ʻi ha tēpile lahi ʻi ha peito ʻoku fehokotaki mo e tafaʻaki ki mui ʻo e falekoloá. Koeʻuhí ne ʻikai teitei liʻaki ʻe he faʻē ʻa Paulá ha meʻa ʻe ala lava ke fakaʻaongaʻí, naʻá ne feimeʻatokoni ʻaki e meʻakai motuʻa ʻa e falekoloá, ʻo tokanga ke toʻo e ngaahi konga pala ʻo ha fuaʻiʻakau, vesitapolo, pe kakanoʻi manu kimuʻa peá ne toki teuteuʻi ke nau maʻú. Naʻe toutou vilitaki leva ʻene tamaí ki he ongo faifekaú ke na kai ke na fiu ʻaupito.23

Naʻe fakapapauʻi foki ʻe he ongomātuʻa Pangí naʻe papitaiso ʻena fānaú takitaha ʻi honau taʻu valú.24 ʻI he ʻaho 5 ʻo Sune 1927, naʻe papitaiso ai ʻa Paula mo ha kakai kehe ʻe toko fā ʻi ha feituʻu naʻe ui ko e Vaka ʻo ʻEnitasoní ʻi he Veʻe Vaitafe ʻOhaioó. Naʻe ʻi ai ʻene ongomātuʻá, Palesiteni ʻEnitasoni mo ha niʻihi ʻo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ke fakafiefiaʻi e meʻa naʻe hokó.

Naʻe ʻikai ha kakai tokolahi ai ke mamataʻi e meʻa naʻe hokó, pea naʻe ʻikai ha fakamatala he nusipepá. Ka naʻe hā ha fakamatala ʻo e papitaisó ʻi he Liahoná, ko e Tohinoa ʻa e Kau Faifekaú (Liahona, the Eldersʼ Journal), ko e makasini fakaʻofisiale ia ʻo e ngaahi misiona ʻa e Siasí ʻi ʻAmelika Tokelaú. Naʻe paaki foki ai mo e hingoa ʻo Paulá.25


Naʻe ʻikai talitali lelei ʻa Uaili mo Makitaline Sēsini ʻi heʻena aʻu ki he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻAitahoó. Naʻe ʻi he tafaʻaki fakatokelau ʻo e siteití ʻa Mosikou, ʻa ia naʻe tokosiʻi pē ha kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí naʻe nofo aí. Naʻe omi ha kakai tokolahi ki he vahefonuá ke ngoueʻi hono kelekele leleí pe ke kumi honau monuú ʻi he ngaahi keliʻanga koloá pe ngaohiʻanga papá. Naʻe huʻuhuʻu e kakai ko ʻení ki he Siasí, pea naʻe ʻikai ke nau saiʻia ʻi he ʻi ai ʻa Uailí.

Naʻe fehuʻi ange ʻe ha kakai ʻe niʻihi, “Ko hai e kiʻi tama ko ʻení, ʻa e tangata ko Sēsiní? Ko e hā ʻene ngāue ʻi hení? Ko e hā ʻene meʻa ʻoku fie fakahokó?”26

Kapau naʻe fakahoko fakahangatonu kia Uaili ʻa e ongo fehuʻi fakaʻosí, naʻe ʻikai ke ne mei maʻu ha tali mahino ki ai. Naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ia ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ke tokoni ki he fānau ako Siasi ʻi he ʻapiakó, ka ko e founga ke fakahoko ai iá naʻe faʻiteliha pē ia ki ai. Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he fānau akó ha fakahinohino fakalotu ke fakahoko maʻu pē mo ha feituʻu foʻou ke nau fakataha ai. Kae makehe mei heʻene ngāue ko ha palesiteni fakamisioná, naʻe ʻikai taukei ʻa Uaili ʻi he ako fakalotú. Naʻá ne ako ki he ngoué ʻi he kolisí. Kapau naʻe fie ako e kau akó fekauʻaki mo e fafanga ngoué, te ne lava ʻo akoʻi kinautolu. Ka naʻe ʻikai ko ha mataotao ia ʻi he Tohi Tapú.27

Hili ha taimi nounou mei he tūʻuta ʻa Uaili mo Makitaline ʻi Mosikoú, naʻá na hū ki he ʻapiako ako mataʻitohi ʻa e ʻunivēsití ke hoko atu ʻena akó pea ke toe maheni ange mo e ʻapiakó mo hono kau ngāué. Naʻe ako ʻa Uaili ki he ʻilo faka-filōsefá mo e akó, toʻo ha ngaahi kalasi ʻe niʻihi ʻi he tui fakalotú mo e Tohi Tapú, pea kamata tohi ha fakamatala ʻokú ne fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻene ʻuhingá (thesis) kau ki he tui fakalotú ʻi he ngaahi ʻunivēsiti fakasiteiti ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Lolotonga iá, naʻe toʻo ʻe Makitaline ha ngaahi kalasi ʻi he ngāue fakasōsialé mo e lea faka-Pilitāniá.

Naʻe maʻu ʻe Uaili mo Makitaline haʻana kaungāngāue ko C. W. Senouefi, ko e ʻulu ʻo e potungāue ako filōsefá, ʻa ia naʻá ne hohaʻa fekauʻaki mo e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ako fakalotu ʻi he ngaahi ʻunivēsiti ʻo e siteití. Kuó ne hoko ko ha faifekau ʻi he tau lahi ʻa māmaní pea hoko ʻeni ko ha faifekau ʻi ha siasi ofi ki Mosikou. Naʻá ne talaange kia Uaili mo Makitaline, “Kapau ko hoʻomo haʻu ki he ʻapiako ko ʻení mo ha polokalama fakalotu, ʻoku totonu ke mo mateuteu ke fehangahangai mo e ngaahi meʻa kehe ʻo e ʻunivēsití.”

Koeʻuhí ko e fakalotolahi ʻa Toketā Senouefí, naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ai ʻe he ongomātuʻa Sēsiní ha ngaahi palani ki ha polokalama hangē ko e seminelí maʻá e fānau ako Siasí ʻi he ngaahi ʻunivēsiti fakapuleʻangá. Naʻá na fakatefito e polokalamá ʻi he ngaahi polokalama ako fakalotu ʻi he ngaahi ʻunivēsiti kehé pea naʻá na tokanga ke fakaʻapaʻapaʻi e tuʻunga kehekehe ʻo e lotú mo e siteití. Naʻe fie maʻu ke fenāpasi ʻena ngaahi kalasi fakalotú mo e lēvolo fakakalasi ʻa e ʻunivēsiti ʻa e siteití, ka naʻe pau foki ke makehe pē ʻa e polokalamá mei he akó. ʻI he taimi naʻe langa ai ʻe he Siasí ha fale ki he ngaahi kalasí, naʻe pau ke mavahe ia mei he ʻapiakó.28

ʻI hono ʻiloʻi ʻe Uaili he ʻikai poupouʻi ʻe he ʻunivēsití ʻa e polokalama foʻoú kapau naʻe kei huʻuhuʻu pē e kau taki fakalotofonuá kiate ia mo e Siasí, naʻá ne kau atu ki ha kulupu fakafetauʻaki mo fakakolo ke lava ke ne maheni ai mo e kau mēmipa mahuʻinga ʻo e koló. Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi kuo fokotuʻu ʻe he kau taki pisinisi fakalotofonuá, kau faifekaú, mo e kau faiakó ha kōmiti ke fakasiosio ia mo fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai ke ne feinga ke poupouʻi e ivi tākiekina ʻo e Siasí ʻi he ʻunivēsití. Naʻe taki ʻe Feleti Folitoni, ko ha fakafofonga maluʻi, ʻa e kōmití. Ko e taimi pē naʻe ʻalu ai ʻa Uaili ki he ngaahi polokalama ʻa e kulupu fakafetauʻakí, naʻá ne tangutu ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo Feletí ʻo feinga ke fakafeohi kiate ia.

ʻI ha fakataha ʻe taha, naʻe talaange ʻe Feleti kia Uaili, “He toki tokotaha lelei moʻoni ko koe.” Naʻá ne tala totonu ange leva hono fatongia ʻi he kōmití. Naʻá ne pehē ange, “Ko e taimi kotoa pē ʻoku ou sio ai kiate koe, ʻokú ke haʻu koe mo ha anga fakakaumeʻa lelei pea ʻāsili ai pē ʻeku saiʻia ʻiate koé.”29

Ne ʻikai fuoloa kuo kamata ke talitali lelei ʻe he koló e fāmili Sēsiní. ʻI he tokoni ʻa Uailí, naʻe maʻu ʻe he Siasí ha kelekele ofi ki he ʻapiakó ʻo fakatau ia ki ha senitā maʻá e fānau ako ʻa e Kāingalotú. Naʻe ngāue fakataha leva ʻa Uaili mo ha tokotaha tā palani ʻa e Siasí pea mo e ʻunivēsití mo e kulupu fefakatauʻakí ke palani e falé pea fakapaasi mo tokangaʻi hono langá. ʻI he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1927, naʻe kamata akoʻi ʻe Uaili ha ngaahi kalasi fakalotu, pea naʻe loto-lelei e ʻunivēsití ke foaki ha maaka faka-ʻunivēsiti ki he fānau ako naʻa nau toʻo e ngaahi kalasi ko iá. Lolotonga iá, naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe Makitaline ha ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakasōsiale maʻá e fānau ako Siasi hangē ko Noma mo Sola Kētesí.30

ʻI ha ʻaho ʻe taha, lolotonga e luelue ʻa Uaili mo Sei ʻElitilisí, ko e pule ʻo e kau ngāue he ʻunivēsití, naʻá na fakalaka atu ʻi he feituʻu ki he senitā ʻa e Siasí maʻá e tamaiki akó. Naʻe talaange ʻe Toketā ʻElitilisi kia Uaili, “Naʻá ke poto ʻaupito ʻi hoʻo maʻu e kelekele ko iá.” Naʻá ne fehuʻi ange e hingoa naʻe fakataumuʻa e Siasí ke fakahingoa ʻaki e polokalama foʻoú. Peá ne talaange, “He ʻikai ke ke lava ʻo ui ia ko e seminelí. Kuo mou maumauʻi ia ʻe kimoutolu ʻi he semineli ʻo hoʻomou ako māʻolungá.”

Naʻe pehē ange ʻe Uaili, “ʻOku ʻikai ke u ʻilo. Kuo teʻeki ke u fuʻu fakakaukau ki ai.”

Naʻe tuʻu ʻa Toketā ʻElitilisi. Peá ne pehē ange, “Te u tala atu e hingoá. Ko e meʻa ʻokú ke sio ki ai ʻi ʻolunga ko ʻeé ko e ʻInisititiuti Fakalotu ʻa e Siasí.”

Naʻe saiʻia ʻa Uaili ʻi he fokotuʻú, kae pehē ki he Poate Ako Fakalūkufua ʻa e Siasí.31


ʻI Sepitema ʻo e 1927, naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Lia naʻá ne mafasia fakalaumālie, fakaʻatamai mo fakatuʻasino. Naʻe tupu mei he mālōlō fakafokifā hono foha ko Māselí ʻene puke ʻi he kulukia tamakí. Naʻá ne talaange kia Sione ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha, “ʻOku ou fifili moʻoni pe ʻoku ʻaonga nai e moʻuí. Ka ne taʻeʻoua hoʻo ʻofá, ʻoku ou ʻilo he ʻikai ʻaonga e moʻuí.”32

Ne tanu ʻa Māseli ʻi he ʻaho 31 ʻo Meé ʻi he Faʻitoka Sōlekí. ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, naʻe fakamanatua ai e taʻu uofulu mā hiva ʻo e mali ʻa Lia mo Sioné, pea naʻá na fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke fakamaʻa ʻi he hili ʻa e meʻafakaʻeikí. Naʻe ʻaʻahi maʻu pē e ngaahi kaungāmeʻá mo e fāmilí [kiate kinaua] ʻi he ngaahi uike mo e māhina ne hoko atú, ka naʻa mo ʻenau poupoú mo e ʻofá, ne tuai ʻena ongoʻi fiemālié.33 Naʻá na fiefia ʻi he ongoongo naʻe feitamaʻi ʻe hona ʻofefine ko Ané ha pēpeé. Ka naʻe toe loto-mamahi foki ʻa Ane ʻi heʻene nofo-malí, ko ia naʻá ne fakakaukau ai ke nofo ʻi ʻIutā mo ʻene ongomātuʻá kae ʻikai foki ki hono husepānití ʻi Uāsingatoni, DC.

Naʻe liliu ʻe he kulukia tamaki ʻo Liá ha ngaahi ʻaho lahi ki ha tūkunga faingataʻa. Naʻe femoʻuekina ʻa Sione he fefonongaʻaki holo ʻi hono ngaahi fatongia faka-Siasí ʻo lahi ange ʻi ha toe taimi, ka ʻi he taimi naʻá ne ʻi ʻapi aí, naʻá ne ʻi hono tafaʻakí maʻu pē, ʻo fakafiemālieʻi ia. Naʻe talaange [ʻe Lia] kiate ia ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá “ʻOku ou lotua ke fakahaofi kitaua. Te u lava mo koe ʻo ikunaʻi ha faʻahinga faingataʻa pē!”34

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi e pēpē ʻa Ane ko Sione Uitisou Uālesí ʻi he ʻaho 8 ʻo ʻAokosi 1927, ʻo hoko ai ʻa Lia mo Sione ko ha ongo kui.35 Hili ha māhina ʻe taha mei ai, naʻe fetaulaki ʻa Hāloti Sepisitouni, ko ha tangata tohi nusipepa Pilitānia, mo e faʻē ʻa Liá lolotonga haʻane ʻaʻahi ki Sōleki Siti. Naʻe talaange ʻe Susa kiate ia fekauʻaki mo e piokālafi naʻá ne tohi mo Lia fekauʻaki Pilikihami ʻIongí, pea naʻá ne kole ke sio ki ai. Naʻe ʻoange ʻe Susa ha tatau ʻo e ʻū lauʻi pēsí, pea naʻá ne loto ke tokoni ke kumi ha faipulusi.

Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻE hoko ia ko ha laukonga mālie moʻoni, ka kuo pau foki ke fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ia.”36

Naʻe ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e ongoongo lelei kotoa ko ʻení ke fakafiefiaʻi ange ai ʻa Lia. Naʻe fakaafeʻi ʻe Susa ʻa Lia ke kau fakataha mo ia ʻi ha folau ki Kalefōnia, ʻi heʻene fakaʻamu ʻe fakafiefiaʻi ia ʻe heʻene ʻaʻahi ki he matāfangá.37 Ka ʻi heʻenau fakatau pē ʻenau tikité, naʻe uiuiʻi ʻe Palesiteni Kalānite ʻa Sione ke hoko ko e palesiteni foʻou ʻo e Misiona ʻIulopé. Naʻe moʻutāfuʻua ʻa Sione ʻi he toenga ʻo e ʻahó, pea ne ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo mamohe he pō ko iá. Naʻe kau e Misiona ʻIulopé ʻi he taha ʻo e ngaahi misiona motuʻa mo lahi taha ʻi he Siasí, pea naʻe fatongia ʻaki ʻe he palesitení hono tokangaʻi ʻo e kau palesiteni fakamisiona kehe ʻe toko hiva ʻi loto ʻi he ngaahi fonua ne maile ʻe laui afe hono mamaʻó—mei Noaue ki Saute ʻAfilika. ʻI he angamahení, naʻe uiuiʻi ha ʻaposetolo ʻoku lahi ange ʻene taukeí ke ne tataki ia.38

Naʻe tali lelei ʻe Lia ʻa e uiuiʻi foʻoú, neongo te ne mamaʻo ai mei hono ʻapí mo e ngaahi ʻofaʻanga ʻi ʻIutaá. Kuo fakaloloma kiate ia e taʻu kuo ʻosí, pea ʻe lelei ka ʻi ai ha liliu ʻi heʻene moʻuí. Naʻe ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē ha meʻa te ne manatuʻi ai ʻa Māseli, pea te ne maʻu ha taimi ʻi heʻene ʻalu ki ʻIulopé ke tēngihia ai. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe tui ʻa Sione naʻe ueʻi fakalaumālie ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite ke ui kinaua ke na ʻalu ʻo ngāue fakafaifekau ke tokoni ke na matuʻuaki ai e mole ʻa hona fohá.39

Naʻe femoʻuekina e māhina ʻe ua ne hokó ʻi he teuteu ke hikí.40 ʻI he fakamāʻopoʻopo ʻa Liá, naʻá ne fakakaukau kia Hāloti Sepisitouni mo e piokālafi ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí. ʻI heʻene vilitaki ko ia ke fakapapauʻi e lea ʻa Hāloti ʻe tokoni ke kumi ha faipulusí, naʻá ne fakamāʻopoʻopo ai ʻa e ʻū lauʻi pēsí.41

ʻI he ʻaho 21 ʻo Nōvemá, naʻe vaheʻi ai ʻa Lia mo Sione ki heʻena ngāue fakafaifekaú. Naʻá na foki leva ki ʻapi ke lea māvae ki he mehikitanga ʻo Sione ko Petolōliné, ʻa ia naʻe taʻu fitungofulu mā fā he taimi ko ʻení. Naʻe loto ʻa Lia mo Sione ke na ō mo ia ki ʻIulope, ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne fakakaukau naʻá ne mālohi feʻunga ke ʻalu. Ka naʻá ne fiefia ʻi he maʻu ʻe Sione ha faingamālie ke foki ki ʻIulope ʻo akoʻi e ongoongoleleí, ʻo hangē ko ia naʻá ne fai mo ʻene faʻeé ʻi he taʻu ʻe uofulu kimuʻá.

Kimui ange ʻi he ʻaho ko iá, naʻe mamata ha kakai kia Lia, Sione, mo hona ʻofefine ko ʻIutolá ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué. Ne ʻoange ʻe Susa ha tohi ke na toki fakaava ʻi he lēlué. Naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē, “Te u muimui ʻiate kimoua ʻi hoʻomo fonongá, pea ʻi he ngāue maʻongoʻonga te mo fakatou fakahokó. Te u ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué mo Petolōline ʻi he taimi te mo foki mai ai ki ʻapí ʻi he fiemālie, malimali, mo e fiefia ʻi he foki mai ʻema fānau ʻofeina tahá.”

Naʻá ne toe tapou foki kia Lia ke teuteuʻi ia ki he ngaahi faingataʻa lahi kuo pau ke ʻākilotoa ia ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekaú. Naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē, “ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi taimi ʻoku taʻemomou ai ʻa e Tamaí, ʻi he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai ke maʻu ʻe Heʻene fānaú e ngaahi aʻusiá ʻi he mamahí, masivá, mo e faingataʻaʻiá.”42

  1. Secretary of the General Church Board of Education to Joseph F. Smith, Nov. 30, 1901, Centennial History Project Records, BYU; Church Board of Education, Minutes, Feb. 3, 1926; Mar. 3 and 10, 1926.

  2. Church Board of Education, Minutes, Feb. 3, 1926.

  3. Church Board of Education, Minutes, Mar. 3, 1926. Tefito: Church Academies (Ngaahi Akoʻanga ʻa e Siasí)

  4. Greene, Interview; Greene, A Life Remembered, 33; Wright, “Beginnings of the First LDS Institute of Religion at Moscow, Idaho,” 68–70.

  5. Greene, A Life Remembered, 33; By Study and Also by Faith, 64; Wright, “Beginnings of the First LDS Institute of Religion at Moscow, Idaho,” 70–72. Naʻe liliu ʻa e konga leá ke mahino ange; naʻe ʻi he maʻuʻanga fakamatala totonú ʻa e “ʻE ʻikai teitei lava ʻe he ʻunivēsití ʻo taki mai e tokanga ʻa e tamaiki ako L.D.S. (Siasí) kaeʻoua kuo ʻi ai ha ngaahi fale lelei ange.”

  6. Church Board of Education, Minutes, Mar. 23, 1926; June 25, 1926; Sept. 1, 1926; Oct. 12, 1926; Grant, Journal, Mar. 24, 1926; By Study and Also by Faith, 64–65. Tefito: Seminaries and Institutes (Seminelí mo e ʻInisititiutí)

  7. Grant, Journal, Sept. 13, 1926; Heber J. Grant to Marriner W. Eccles and Henry H. Rolapp, Sept. 13, 1926, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL; Sessions, Oral History Interview [1972], 4; Griffiths, “First Institute Teacher,” 175–82; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of the Institutes of Religion,” 151–59.

  8. Widtsoe, Diary, Jan. 1, 1927.

  9. Widtsoe, Diary, Nov. 21 and Dec. 14, 1926; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 236; Thomas Hull to John A. Widtsoe and Leah D. Widtsoe, June 15, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL.

  10. Widtsoe, Diary, Oct. 7 and 9, 1926; Dec. 8 and 14, 1926; Jan. 1, 1927; “Anne Widtsoe and Lewis Wallace Married,” Ogden (UT) Standard-Examiner, Oct. 10, 1926, section 2, [1]; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Feb. 20, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL.

  11. Vakai, Widtsoe, Diary, Jan. and Feb. 1927; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Feb. 20, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL.

  12. Leah D. Widtsoe, “I Remember Brigham Young,” Improvement Era, June 1961, 64:385; Widtsoe, Oral History Interview, 11–12; Susa Young Gates to Heber J. Grant and Counselors, Dec. 5, 1922; Susa Young Gates to James Kirkham and Albert Hooper, Nov. 12, 1929, Susa Young Gates Papers, CHL. Naʻe liliu ʻa e konga leá ke mahino ange: naʻe ʻi he maʻuʻanga fakamatala totonú ʻa e “‘Kaekehe,’ ne u talaange, ‘kuo pau ke ke fakahoko ia.’”

  13. Widtsoe, Oral History Interview, 11–12; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Feb. 20, 1927; Susa Young Gates to Leah D. Widtsoe, July 28, 1928; Lucy G. Bowen to Leah D. Widtsoe and John A. Widtsoe, Nov. 25, 1930, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; “Mrs. Susa Young Gates,” Deseret News, May 27, 1933, 4. Tefito: Pilikihami ʻIongi

  14. J. E. Fisher to John A. Widtsoe and Leah D. Widtsoe, May 22, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; Widtsoe, Diary, May 23, 1927; Susa Young Gates, draft of obituary for Marsel Widtsoe, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; “Karl M. Widtsoe Dies of Pneumonia,” Deseret News, May 30, 1927, section 2, [1].

  15. Widtsoe, Diary, May 23–28, 1927; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 29, 236.

  16. Leah D. Widtsoe to First Presidency, Sept. 16, 1933, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL; Widtsoe, Oral History Interview, 33; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 235–37.

  17. Fish, “My Life Story,” [1]–[2]; Paul Bang, “My Life Story,” 1, 7–8; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930, volume 1, 836.

  18. Christian Bang Sr., “My Story,” [1]–[3]; Fish, “My Life Story,” [1]; Fish, Kramer, and Wallis, History of the Mormon Church in Cincinnati, 52–54.

  19. Fish, Kramer, and Wallis, History of the Mormon Church in Cincinnati, 21–42, 45–50; “Mormons Baptize Child in the Ohio,” Commercial Tribune (Cincinnati), Sept. 16, 1912, 12.

  20. Christian Bang Sr., “My Story,” [3]; Alexander, Mormonism in Transition, 105–6.

  21. Anderson, “My Journey through Life,” volume 4, 117–18; Christian Bang Sr., “My Story,” [5]; Anderson, Twenty-Three Years in Cincinnati, 2–3, 13, 45; Johnson and Johnson, “Twentieth-Century Mormon Outmigration,” 43–47; Plewe, Mapping Mormonism, 144–47. Tefito: Outmigration (Hikifonua Atú)

  22. “World-Wide Attack on Mormonism Now Planned,” Commercial Tribune (Cincinnati), June 30, 1912, [16]; “Fight on Mormonism to Start in Cincinnati,” Commercial Tribune, Jan. 26, 1915, 3; “Cannon Makes Severe Attack on Mormonism,” Commercial Tribune, Feb. 3, 1915, 10.

  23. Fish, “My Life Story,” [3], [6]; Christian Bang Sr., “My Story,” [5]; Paul Bang, “My Life Story,” 6, 8.

  24. Bang family entries, South Ohio District, Northern States Mission, nos. 27–33, 324, 334, in Ohio (State), part 2, Record of Members Collection, CHL.

  25. “News from the Missions,” Liahona, the Elders’ Journal, July 12, 1927, 25:42; Paul Bang entry, South Ohio District, Northern States Mission, no. 334, in Ohio (State), part 2, Record of Members Collection, CHL; Paul Bang, “My Life Story,” 7; Picturesque Cincinnati, 77. Naʻe sipela halaʻi ʻe he Liahoná hono hingoá ko e “Paula Panisī.”

  26. Sessions, Oral History Interview [1972], 4–5; Sessions and Sessions, Oral History Interview [1965], 12; Wright, “Beginnings of the First LDS Institute of Religion at Moscow, Idaho,” 66–68; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of the Institutes of Religion,” 159–61.

  27. J. Wyley Sessions to Heber J. Grant, Nov. 13, 1926, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL; Sessions and Sessions, Oral History Interview [1965], 10; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of the Institutes of Religion,” 154–55.

  28. Sessions and Sessions, Oral History Interview [1965], 10–11; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of Institutes of Religion,” 161, 183–86.

  29. Sessions, Oral History Interview [1972], 5; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of Institutes of Religion,” 161–62; Griffiths, “First Institute Teacher,” 182.

  30. Sessions and Sessions, Oral History Interview [1965], 11–13; Sessions, Oral History Interview [1972], 8–9; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of Institutes of Religion,” 159–68; Griffiths, “First Institute Teacher,” 182–85.

  31. Sessions and Sessions, Oral History Interview [1965], 11–12; Tomlinson, “History of the Founding of Institutes of Religion,” 168–73. Naʻe liliu e lea ʻa Uaili Sēsiní ke mahinongofua; naʻe liliu ʻa e “naʻe ʻikai” mo e “ne ʻikai” ʻi he tohi totonú ki he “ʻoku ʻikai” mo e “kuo ʻikai.” Tefito: Seminaries and Institutes (Seminelí mo e ʻInisititiutí)

  32. Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Sept. 20, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; John A. Widtsoe to Heber J. Grant, Oct. 17, 1927, First Presidency General Administration Files, CHL; Leah D. Widtsoe to First Presidency, Sept. 16, 1933, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL.

  33. Widtsoe, Diary, May 31–June 7, 1927; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 236–37.

  34. Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Telegram, Aug. 31, 1927; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Sept. 20, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; Widtsoe, Diary, June 21–Sept. 21, 1927.

  35. Widtsoe, Diary, Aug. 8, 1927.

  36. Widtsoe, Oral History Interview, 12–13; Widtsoe, Diary, Sept. 16 and 24, 1927; Harold Shepstone to Susa Young Gates, Oct. 25, 1927; Dec. 2, 1927, Susa Young Gates Papers, CHL. Naʻe liliu ʻa e kupuʻi leá ke mahino ngofua; naʻe tuʻo ua hono liliu ʻo e “naʻe” ʻi he tohi totonú ki he “ʻe.”

  37. Hal and Bichette Gates to Susa Young Gates, Telegram, Sept. 24, 1927, Family Correspondence, Susa Young Gates Papers, CHL; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, Sept. 20, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL.

  38. Widtsoe, Diary, Sept. 29–30, 1927; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 189; John A. Widtsoe to James E. Talmage and Merry B. Talmage, Nov. 1, 1927, John A. Widtsoe Papers, CHL; Van Orden, Building Zion, 93–94; “Mission Presidents in Convention,” Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Sept. 20, 1928, 38:600–602.

  39. Leah D. Widtsoe to First Presidency, Sept. 16, 1933, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL; Leah D. Widtsoe to John A. Widtsoe, July 12, 1927; Leah D. Widtsoe to Louisa Hill, May 11, 1928, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL; Widtsoe, In a Sunlit Land, 189; John A. Widtsoe to James E. Talmage and Merry B. Talmage, Nov. 1, 1927, John A. Widtsoe Papers, CHL.

  40. Vakai, Widtsoe, Diary, Oct.–Nov. 1927.

  41. Widtsoe, Oral History Interview, 13; Susa Young Gates to Harold J. Shepstone, Oct. 5, 1927, Susa Young Gates Papers, CHL.

  42. Widtsoe, Diary, Nov. 21, 1927; Widtsoe, In the Gospel Net, 102–5, 133, 135; Susa Young Gates to Leah D. Widtsoe and John A. Widtsoe, Nov. 21, 1927, Widtsoe Family Papers, CHL.