Kau Paionia ʻi he Fonua Kotoa pē
“Ko e Fuʻu ʻEmipaea Lahi Ko iá”
Ko e Tupu ʻa e Siasí ʻi Lūsiá
Ne langa e Kāingalotu Lūsiá ʻi ha fakavaʻe ʻo e kikité ke fokotuʻu e Siasí ʻi honau fonuá.
Kuo aʻusia ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi Lūsiá ha makamaile mahuʻinga ʻi he 2011 ʻi hono fokotuʻu honau fuofua siteikí ʻi Mosikou. Ne fakataha fiefia hake ha kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, kau faifekau, mo e kaungāmeʻa ʻe lauafe tupu ke hikinimaʻi honau kau taki foʻoú mo fakahā ʻenau houngaʻia he kau e kolomuʻa honau puleʻangá he ngaahi siteiki ʻo Saione ʻoku mafola atu ʻi he māmaní. Ne fakautuutu e ʻamanakí ʻi hono ui mo fokotuʻu ʻa Iakovi Poikō ko e palesiteni fakasiteikí mo Valatimia ʻAsitasovi pea mo Vikitā Kelemenisuku ko hono ongo tokoní.
Ne ongo moʻoni ki he kāingalotú hono fokotuʻu ʻa Viakiselavi Polotopovi ko e pēteliake fakasiteikí, ko e fuofua pēteliake Lūsia ia ʻi Lūsiá. Ne hiki fakatovave e ngaahi nimá ʻi hono lau mai hono hingoá ke hikinimaʻí, pea meimei ke pasipasi ha niʻihi ʻi he fiefiá. Ko e fuofua taimi ʻeni ke maʻu ai ʻe he kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeiki ʻi Lūsiá ʻa e kī mo e mafai ʻoku taʻimālie ai e Kāingalotu ʻo e ngaahi siteiki kehe ʻo e māmaní. Kuo kamata ha konga foʻou he hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Lūsiá koeʻuhí kuo fakahoko pē e tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mosikoú ʻe he kakai tonu ʻo Lūsiá.
Kikité
Ne kamata mai e hala ki he ʻaho mahuʻinga ko ʻení ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Lūsiá he ngaahi fuofua ʻaho ʻo hono Toe Fakafoki Mai ʻo e Ongoongoleleí. ʻI he 1843 naʻe ui ʻe he Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá ʻa ʻEletā ʻOasoni Haiti ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá mo Siaosi J. ʻĀtama ʻi ha misiona ki Lūsia “ke fakafeʻiloaki e kakato ʻo e Ongoongoleleí ki he kakai ʻo e fuʻu ʻemipaea lahi ko iá, pea ʻoku kau [ʻi he meʻá ni] e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻoku kau ki hono fakalakalakaʻi mo langa hake e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosí, ʻa ia he ʻikai lava ke fakamatalaʻi ʻi he taimí ni.”1 Neongo ia, naʻe uesia e palani ke fakakakato e misioná ʻi he mate Faka-maʻata ʻa e Palōfitá ʻi he 1844, pea ne ʻikai lava ke fakahoko e palani ko ia ʻa e Palōfitá kau ki he ikuʻanga ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi he “fuʻu ʻemipaea lahi ko iá.”2
Teuteú
Ka ʻi he taʻu ʻe 168 mei hono ʻuluaki ʻoatu ha kau faifekaú mo hono fokotuʻu ʻo e fuofua siteiki ʻi Lūsiá, ne tokoni ha Kāingalotu mei ha feituʻu kehekehe ke teuteuʻi e hala ke vahevahe ai e ongoongoleleí ki he kakai ʻo Lūsiá. ʻI he 1895 ne tūʻuta atu ai e faifekau Sueteni ko ʻAokosi Hokilani ki Seni Pitasipeeki ke akoʻi ʻa ʻIohani Linilofi, ʻa ia ne fetuʻutaki ki he Misiona Sikenitinēviá ʻo kole ha kau faifekau hili ʻene ako kau ki he Siasí ʻi hono fonua tupuʻanga ko Finilaní. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua mei heʻena feʻiloaki mo ʻEletā Hokilaní mo talanoa mo ia he poʻulí, ne kole ʻa ʻIohani mo hono uaifi ko ʻAlamaá ke na papitaiso. ʻI he ʻaho 11 ʻo Sune 1895, ne ʻalu hake ai ʻa ʻEletā Hokilani mo kinaua ki he veʻe vai ʻo e Vaitafe Nevá. Ne ʻikai ke maʻu ha feituʻu maomaonganoa, mo lelei ke fai ai e papitaisó, pea naʻe tūʻulutui ʻa e kulupú ʻo lotu mo kole ki he ʻEikí ha tokoni. Ne fakaʻohovale e kamata ke mavahe ʻa e ngaahi vaká mo e kakaí mei he feituʻú. Hili e papitaisó, ne pehē ʻe Sisitā Linilofi, “ʻOku ou fuʻu ongoʻi fiefia! ʻOku ou ʻilo ne fakamolemoleʻi au ʻe he ʻEikí.”3 Ne hoko ai ʻa ʻIohani mo ʻAlamā ko e ongo fuofua papi ului ia ke papitaiso ʻi Lūsiá.
Hili ha ngaahi taʻu lahi mei ai, ne hoko e ului ʻa e fāmili Linilofí mo e ngaahi liliu ki he sōsaietí ne palani ʻe he puleʻanga Lūsiá, ke ne fakalotolahiʻi ʻa ʻEletā Felenisisi M. Laimani (1840–1916) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ke kamata palani ke ʻave ha kau faifekau ki he ʻEmipaea Lūsiá. ʻI he 1903, lolotonga haʻane hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona ʻIulopé, ne folau ʻa ʻEletā Laimani ki he ʻEmipaea Lūsiá ʻo fakatapui e fonuá ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí. Naʻá ne fai ha lotu ʻi Seni Pitasipeeki mo Mosikou ʻi he ʻaho 6 mo e 9 ʻo ʻAokosí, ʻo kole ki he ʻEikí ke tāpuekina e kau taki ʻo e fonuá mo e fuʻu kakai tokolahi ʻo e ʻemipaeá, “ʻa ia ʻoku tafe māfana atu ʻiate kinautolu e toto ʻo ʻIsilelí.”4 Naʻá ne toe lotu ke “liliu e loto ʻo e kau fekumi fakamātoato mo angatonu ki he moʻoní, mo kole ki he ʻEikí ke ʻave ha kau sevāniti ʻoku mahulu ʻi he potó mo e tuí ke nau fakahā e Ongoongoleleí ki he kau Lūsiá ʻi heʻenau lea fakafonuá pē.”5
Naʻe ʻave ʻe ʻEletā Laimani ha faifekau ko Mikaele Makovi ki Lika ʻi Lativiá—ko ha konga ʻo e ʻEmipaea Lūsiá—pea tohi ki he ʻuluʻi ʻofisi ʻo e Siasí ʻo fakahā ʻene ʻamanaki ke vave hano ui ha kau faifekau ki Lūsia. Neongo ia, ne ongoʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sōleki Sití, ʻoku fie maʻu ke fai hano fakakaukauʻi fakalelei kimuʻa pea toki ʻave e kau faifekaú ki Lūsiá, he naʻe taʻe fakalao ia ke malangaʻi ha faʻahinga meʻa ʻoku fepaki mo e tui faka-Lūsiá. Ne vave pē ʻa e mavahe ʻa Misa Makovi mei Liká ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e kau taki fakalotofonuá.6 Ne fakatupu ʻe he vākovi fakasōsiale mo fakapolitikale ʻi Lūsiá, pea toe kanoniʻaki e ngāngāʻehu ʻo e Tau Lahi Hono I, ha ngaahi liukava mo ha tau fakalotofonua naʻá ne kāpui ʻa Lūsia ʻi he fetāʻakí. Ne toe faingataʻa ange ke ʻave ha kau faifekau ki Lūsia ʻi hono fokotuʻu e Puleʻanga Fakatahataha ʻo Lūsiá pea mo e Fepakipaki Fakakaukau he vahaʻa ʻo Lūsia mo ʻAmeliká.
Neongo ia, lolotonga e vahaʻa taimi ʻo e tataki fakalotofonua ko ia ʻi Lūsiá, ne hokohoko atu e teuteu ʻa e Kāingalotú ke fakafeʻiloaki e ongoongolelei kuo toe fakafoki maí ki Lūsia. Ko e taha ʻo e niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ko iá ko ʻOnitulei ʻAnasitasione, ko ha tokotaha hiki fonua mei ʻOtesa ʻi ʻIukuleini, naʻá ne kamata liliu e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ki he lea faka-Lūsiá hili hono papitaiso ʻi he 1918. Hili ʻene ʻaʻahi ki Mosikou ʻi he 1970, ne tohi ʻe ʻOnitulei ʻo pehē, “Ne tuʻo ua haʻaku tuʻu he poʻulí ʻi he Tapafā Kulokulá (Red Square) ʻo tautapa ki he ʻOtuá ke ne fakaava ha founga ki hono ʻave ʻo e Ongoongoleleí ki he kakai ʻo Lūsiá, he ʻoku ou mamata he feituʻu kotoa ki honau fuʻu tokolahí, ʻikai ha vala lelei, mata mamahi, mo ʻulupunou pē.”7 Ko e fuofua tatau ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he lea faka-Lūsiá, ne fakatefito lahi ʻi he ngāue ʻa ʻOnituleí, ne pulusi ʻi he 1981. Ne hili ha taimi ne tali ʻe he kau Lūsia tokolahi e pōpoaki ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, pea nau hoko ko e kau paionia ʻi honau fonua totonú ke tokoni ʻi hono fakahoko e ʻamanaki mo e lotu ʻa e niʻihi kehé maʻanautolú.
Kau paioniá
ʻI he 1989, ne ʻaʻahi ʻa ʻIuli mo Lutimila Telepenina ʻo Seni Pitasipēkí (ne ui he taimi ko iá ko Leninikuletí) mo hona ʻofefine ko ʻAná ki hanau kaungāmeʻa ʻi Putapesi ʻi Hungali. Ne ʻi ai ha kaungāmeʻa Siasi naʻá ne fakaafeʻi kinautolu ki he lotú pea nau ongoʻi ai e laumālié pea nau loto ke feʻiloaki mo e kau faifekaú. Ne faifai pea nau papitaiso. Neongo ko e fāmili Telepeniná pē e fuofua kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Seni Pitasipēkí, ka naʻe vave pē mo e toe kau mai ha niʻihi kehe. Ne ʻosi vahevahe ʻe ha kāinglotu ʻo e Siasí mei Finilani e ongoogoleleí mo e kau Lūsiá, ʻo kau ai ʻa ʻAnitoni Sukilipikō, ko e fuofua tokotaha Lūsia ia ke papitaiso ʻi Lūsiá.
ʻI he taimi ko iá, ne fou atu ʻa Lūsia ʻi ha liliu fakapolitikale, pea kamata ke tokoniʻi ʻe he kau ʻAmelika ʻoku nofo mo ngāue ʻi Mosikoú honau kaungāmeʻa mo e ngaahi maheni ʻi Lūsiá. Ne feʻiloaki ʻa Toni Fonitoni mo Kalina Konisalova ʻi he 1989, pea kamata ke na talanoa ʻo kau ki he meʻa fakalotú. Ne pehe ʻe Misa Fonitoni kimui, “ʻI heʻeku foaki kia [Kalina] e Tohi ʻa Molomoná mo e kiʻi tohi tufa ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá, ne hoko e meʻa fakaofo lahi tahá. Ne hangē ne huhulu kotoa [e] maama ia he lokí ʻi he tohí he taimi ko iá. Ne kāpui kimaua ʻe he Laumālié pea [naʻá ne] kamata ke tangi.”8 Ne fakahā ange ʻe Kalina naʻá ne ongoʻi ko e tohi ʻeni mei he ʻOtuá. Naʻá ne kamata maʻu lotu pea papitaiso ia ʻi Sune 1990, ʻo hoko ko e fuofua tokotaha ului ke papitaiso ʻi Mosikoú.
ʻI he kau mai ki he Siasí e kau Lūsia mei Seni Pitasipeeki, Vaipoki, Mosikou mo e ngaahi kolo kehé, ne fakaava ai ha peesi foʻou ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Lūsia. ʻI he ʻaho 26 ʻo ʻEpeleli 1990, ne fai ʻe ʻEletā Lāsolo M. Nalesoni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ha lotu ʻi Seni Pitasipeeki ʻo toe fakatapui ʻa Lūsia, ʻo toe fakapapauʻi e fakatapui ne fai ʻe ʻEletā Laimani ʻi ha meimei senituli ʻe taha kimuʻa mo kole ki he ʻEikí ke fakaaʻu atu e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí ki he kakaí.
ʻI he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1990, ne ʻomi ai ʻe Tamala ʻEfimovi ʻo Seni Pitasipēkí e ongo faifekaú ki hono ʻapí hili ʻene feʻiloaki mo kinaua ʻi he ʻapi ʻo hano kaungāmeʻa. ʻI he kamatá, ne ʻikai tui ʻene tamai ko Viakiselavi ʻEfimoví ʻe toe akoʻi ange ʻe he ongo talavou ko ʻení ha meʻa foʻou kau ki he ʻOtuá. Neongo ia, naʻá ne saiʻia heʻena pōpoaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí. Naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē: “[Naʻá ne] ʻomi ha faingamālie kiate au ke maʻu e tali ki he ʻeku ngaahi fehuʻi pē ʻaʻakú, ka ko e mahuʻinga tahá, ko e ʻilo ʻoku ʻofa ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻiate kitautolu takitaha—ko ʻene fānau kitautolu pea kuó Ne foaki mai maʻatautolu ha Fakamoʻui ko Hono ʻAlo ko Sīsū Kalaisí, pea te tau toetuʻu kotoa pē.”9 Ne papitaiso ʻa Viakiselavi, Kalina (hono uaifí), mo Tamala ʻi Sune. Mei he 1995 ki he 1998, ne hoko ʻa Misa ʻEfimovi ko e fuofua palesiteni fakamisiona ia mei Lūsiá.
Tupulaki
ʻI hono tataki ʻe he kau taki “poto mo tui” hono fakahoko e lotu fakatapui ʻa ʻEletā Laimani ʻi he 1903, naʻe hokohoko atu e tupu ʻa e Siasí hili e hū ʻa e kau faifekaú ki Lūsia ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e 1990. Ne tali ʻe he kau Lūsia faitōnungá e fatongia ke tokoniʻi honau kaungāmeʻá mo e kaungāʻapí. ʻI hono fokotuʻu ha ngaahi vahefonua ʻi ha ngaahi kolo lahi, ne fakahinohinoʻi, fakalotolahiʻi mo tokoniʻi e Kāingalotú ʻe he kau taki hangē ko Fitilasi Kasipiliní. Naʻe kau ʻa Misa Kasipilini ki he Siasí ʻi he 1994, pea ui ia ko e palesiteni ʻo e Vahefonua Lositovi Lūsiá lolotonga ʻene hoko ko e fuofua palesiteni fakakolo ʻo Lositovi-na-Tonu ʻi he 1995 ki he 1997. ʻI heʻene hoko ko e palesiteni fakavahefonuá, naʻá ne fakamamafaʻi hono fakamālohia e ngaahi fāmilí mo tokanga makehe ki hono tokoniʻi ʻo e toʻu tupú, pea tokoni ke nau teuteu ke ʻalu ʻo ngāue fakafaifekau pea iku ai ki he mali ʻi he temipalé.10
Ngaahi Temipalé
Ne ʻikai taʻofi hono fakahoko ʻe he Kāingalotu Lūsiá e ngaahi ouau ʻi he fale ʻo e ʻEikí neongo naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha temipale ʻi honau fonuá. Ne laka hake ʻi he taʻu ʻe 15, e hoko ʻa e Temipale Sitokihouma Suetení mo e Temipale Falaipeeki Siamané ko e temipale ofi tahá pe ia , neongo ne hokohoko atu pē ʻa e ʻalu e kāingalotu ʻi he Hahake Mamaʻo Atu ʻo Lūsiá ki he Temipale Soulu Kōleá. Ne tātaaitaha pē ha ʻalu ki he temipalé koeʻuhí ko e faingataʻa hono maʻu e visá, fuʻu mamaʻo, mo e mamafa ʻa e totongi folaú.
ʻI Tīsema 1991, ne hoko e fāmili ʻo ʻOnitulei mo Malina Semionovi ʻo Vaipokí ko e fuofua fāmili Lūsia ia ke silaʻi he temipalé. Naʻe pehē ʻe Misa Semionovi, “Ne ʻi ai ha fiefia makehe ʻi heʻemau moʻuí hili ʻemau sila ki ʻitāniti ʻi he Temipale Sitokihouma Suetení.”11 Naʻá ne kau he ʻalu mo e kulupu kotoa pē mei Lūsia ki he temipale ʻi Suētení ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi.
Ne kamata fokotuʻutuʻu kimui ʻe he kau taki ʻo e misioná ha ngaahi kulupu ke ʻalu ki he temipalé. Ne fuofua ʻalu ha kulupu pehē mei Mosikou ki Sitokihoumá ʻi Sepitema ʻo e 1993. Ne hoko e ngaahi ʻaʻahi pehení ko e tumutumu ia ʻo e mateaki maʻá e kāingalotu Lūsia ʻi he fonuá.
Ne fuofua ʻaʻahi e fāmili Vesinini mei Nisinivi Novekolotó ki he Temipale Sitokihouma Suetení he 2000. Hili e fononga ki Seni Pitasipēkí, ne kau atu ʻa Sekei, Vela, mo hona ʻofefine ko ʻĒliná ki ha kulupu ʻo e Kāingalotu Lūsia mei he ngaahi kolo kehekehé pea nau ʻalu pasi mo e vaka ke aʻu ki he temipalé. Ne kau ʻa ʻĒlina he papitaiso maʻá e kau pekiá mo sila ki heʻene ongo mātuʻá ʻi he temipalé. Naʻá ne pehē, “Ne mau maʻu ha ngaahi fakamoʻoni mo ha ngaahi tāpuaki lahi mei he folaú. Ne maʻu ʻe he tokotaha fakafoʻituitui kotoa pē ha ngaahi fakamoʻoni iiki. Ka ʻi hono fakakātoá naʻá ne tokoniʻi kimautolu mo maʻu ai ha ivi ki ha tupulaki fakalaumālie lahi.”12
Ne faifai pea ʻi ai ha temipale ne ofi mai ange ki Lūsia hili hono fakatapui ʻe Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī (1910–2008) e Temipale Helesinisikī Finilaní ʻi he 2006. ʻI he 2010, ne fiefia e Kāingalotu kotoa ʻi Lūsiá ʻi hono fakatapui ʻe Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoni e Temipale Kievi ʻIukuleiní, ko e fuofua temipale ʻi Lūsiá, ʻo toe faingofua ange ai hono maʻu ʻe he Kāingalotu angatonu ʻo Lūsiá e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e temipalé.
Ko ha Siasi Lūsia
Ne fakamālohia ʻe hono fakatapui ʻo e temipale ʻi ʻIukuleiní e ʻamanaki ʻa e kāingalotu Lūsiá ki he kahaʻu ʻo e Siasí ʻi honau fonuá. Hili e fakatapuí, ne pehē ʻe Valatimia Kapanovi mei Mosikoú “ʻe hokohoko atu e tupu ʻa e Siasí—ʻoku ou vakai atu ki ha ngaahi siteiki ʻo Saione ʻi heni [ʻi Lūsia].”13 Ne teʻeki aʻu ʻo taʻu ʻe taha mei ai, kuo hoko e vīsone ko iá ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻe ʻEletā Lāsolo M. Nalesoni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá e Siteiki Mosikou Lūsiá. ʻI he taʻu hono hokó ʻi Sepitema ʻo e 2012, ne fokotuʻu ʻe ʻEletā Nalesoni e siteiki hono uá ʻi Seni Pitasipeeki.
Neongo ʻoku fakafofongaʻi mai ʻe he ngaahi mōmeniti ko ʻení e tumutumu ʻo e taʻu ʻe 20 ʻo e ngāue tokoni fakapaioniá mo e fakalakalaka ʻa e Kāingalotu Lūsiá, ka ko e kamataʻanga pē ʻeni ʻo ha konga foʻou he hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi honau fonuá. Hili ha ʻaʻahi ʻa ʻEletā D. Toti Kulisitofasoni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻi Sune 2012 ki he Kāingalotu he ʻĒlia ʻIulope Hahaké (ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai ʻa Lūsiá), naʻá ne fai ha fakamoʻoni ʻoku tataki ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa ʻEne ngāué ʻi he feituʻu ko iá: “ʻOku mālohi ʻaupito ʻa Hono Laumālié ʻi he ʻēlia ko ʻení. Te tau mamata ki ha ngaahi meʻa ne ʻikai te tau teitei ʻamanaki ki ai.”14 ʻI he hokohoko atu e ngāue tokoni ʻa e kau paionia Siasi ʻo Lūsiá, moʻui mo ʻofa he ongoongolelei ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí mo tukutaha ʻenau tokangá ʻi he temipalé, ʻe toe fokotuʻu ha ngaahi siteiki lahi pea ʻe hokohoko atu e tupulaki ʻa e Siasí ʻi honau fonuá. Mahalo ʻoku tau mamata ki hono fakahoko e meʻa ne vīsone mai ki ai ʻa e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá, ki he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá he ʻaho kimui ní ʻi he fuʻu ʻemipaea lahi ko ʻení.