Ngaahi Tokoni Fakafolofolá
ʻĒseta

Ngaahi Tokoni Fakafolofolá

ʻĒseta

Hili hono toʻo ʻe he Tuʻi Peasia ko ʻAhasiveló ʻa hono ʻuluaki uaifi ko Vāsití mei he taloní, naʻá ne fili ʻa ʻĒseta ke hoko ko e kuini. Naʻe ʻikai fakahaaʻi ʻe ʻĒseta ko ha Siu ia ʻi hano fokotuʻu ange ʻe hono tauhi ko Motekiaí, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko ha ʻōfisa ʻi he fakamaauʻanga ʻo ʻAhasiveló. Naʻe fakaʻitaʻi ʻe Motekiai ʻa e faifaleʻi ʻa e tuʻí, ʻa Hāmani, ʻa ia naʻá ne faʻufaʻu ke tāmateʻi kotoa ʻa e kau Siu ʻi he puleʻangá. Naʻe poleʻi ʻe ʻĒseta ʻene moʻuí ʻi heʻene ʻalu taʻe fakaafeʻi ki he ʻao ʻo e tuʻí mo fakahā ʻa e faʻufaʻu ʻa Hāmaní. Naʻe hoko e ngāue ʻa ʻĒsetá ke fakahaofi ai hono kakaí. ʻI ha liliu taʻe ʻamanekina, naʻe tāmateʻi ai ʻa Hāmani pea fakalāngilangiʻi ʻa Motekiai.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoní

Fakatokangaʻi ange: Ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ha maʻuʻanga tokoni ʻoku ʻikai pulusi ʻe he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻoku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ʻoku poupouʻi ia pe ko e taha naʻá ne faʻú pe te ne fakafofongaʻi ʻa e tuʻunga fakaʻofisiale ʻo e Siasí.

Puipuituʻá mo e Fakamatalá

Ko e hā ʻa e tohi ʻa ʻĒsetá?

ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he tohi ʻa ʻĒsetá ʻa e talanoa ʻo Kuini ʻĒsetá, ʻa ia naʻe ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻene moʻuí ke fakahaofi hono kakaí mei he fakaʻauhá. ʻOku hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko ʻi he tohí lolotonga e pule ʻa e Tuʻi ko ʻAhasiveló, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa ui ko Sekisi I, ʻa ia naʻá ne puleʻi ʻa Peasia mei he taʻu 486 ki he 465 BC. Lolotonga e foki ha kau Siu ʻe niʻihi ki Selusalema hili hono ikunaʻi ʻe he Tuʻi ko Kolesí ʻa Pāpilone ʻi he taʻu 539 BC, naʻe kei nofo ʻi tuʻa ha tokolahi, kau ai ʻa ʻĒseta. ʻOku fakamatala heni ʻa e talanoa ʻo e aʻu ʻa ʻĒseta ki he tuʻunga ko e kuini ʻo Peasiá pea mo e meimei ke tamateʻi ia fakataha mo hono kakaí. ʻOkú ne toe ʻomi foki ʻa e tupuʻanga ʻo e kātoanga ʻa e kau Siú ʻo e Pulimí mo e sīpinga ʻo hono fakahokó.

Neongo ʻoku ʻikai ʻasi he tohi ʻa ʻĒsetá ha “fakamatala fakapatonu ki he ʻOtuá, … pea ʻoku ʻikai lea ʻaki tonu ai, ka ʻoku talanoa ʻa e tohí ki he ikuʻanga fakalangí … pea talanoa ki he ʻaukai ke nau hao moʻui.” Koeʻuhí ko e taʻepau fekauʻaki mo e tonu fakahisitōliá, ʻoku fehuʻia ʻe ha kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi ʻa hono fakakau ia ʻi he Tohi Tapú.

ʻE lava ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e tohi ʻa ʻĒsetá ʻo hangē ko ʻení:

  1. ʻĒseta 1–2: ʻOku houhau ʻa e Tuʻi ko ʻAhasiveló ʻi he ʻulungaanga ʻo Kuini Vāsití pea ʻokú ne fakahifo ia mei he taloní. ʻOku fili ʻe ʻAhasivelo ʻa ʻĒseta ko e kuini foʻou.

  2. ʻĒseta 3–5: ʻOku faʻu ʻe Hāmani ha palani ke fakaʻauha ʻa e kau Siu kotoa pē ʻi he puleʻangá hili e fakafisi ʻa Motekiai ke punou kiate iá. ʻOku ʻalu ʻa ʻĒseta ke ʻaʻahi ki he tuʻí taʻe ha ngofua ke ne fai pehē. ʻOku tali lelei ia ʻe he tuʻí pea ʻokú ne finangalo lelei ke kau ki ha kātonga kai fakataha mo Hāmani.

  3. ʻĒseta 6–8: Ko e fakamatala ʻa ʻĒseta ki he tuʻí fekauʻaki mo e faʻufaʻu ʻa Hāmani ke tāmateʻi e kau Siú. ʻOku tautau ʻe he tuʻí ʻa Hāmani, peá ne fakalangilangiʻi ʻa Motekiai, pea fakaʻatā ʻa Motekiai mo ʻĒseta ke na fakafoki ʻa e palani ke tamateʻi ʻa e kau Siú.

  4. ʻĒseta 9–10: ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kau Siú ha ngofua mei he tuʻí ke tamateʻi honau ngaahi fili ʻi he puleʻangá. ʻOku nau kamataʻi ʻa e Kātoanga Pulimí ke fakamanatua hono fakahaofi fakaofo kinautolu mei he palani ʻa Hāmaní.

ʻĒseta 1:1–3

Naʻe ʻi fē ʻa Susani?

Naʻe nofo ʻa ʻĒseta ʻi Susani (naʻe ui foki ko Susa), ʻa ia ko e taha ia ʻo e ongo kolomuʻa ʻo e Puleʻanga Peasiá. Naʻe tuʻu ia ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku tuʻu ai he taimí ni ko e fakahihifo ʻo ʻIulaní, ʻoku meimei maile ʻe 200 (kilomita ʻe 325) ki he fakahahake ʻo Pāpilone ʻo e kuonga muʻá. Naʻe hoko foki ʻa Susani ko e feituʻu naʻe hoko ai ʻa Nehemaia ko e fua ipu ki he Tuʻi ko ʻAtakisekisí pea naʻe mamata ai ʻa Taniela ki ha meʻa-hā-mai.

ko ha mape ʻo e ʻEimipaea ʻo Peasiá

Ngaahi Mape ʻo e Tohi Tapú, fika 7, “Ko e ʻEmipaea ʻo Peasiá”

ʻĒseta 2:5–7

Ko e hā naʻe ui ai ʻa ʻĒseta ko Hatasá?

Hangē ko e kau Siu kehe naʻe kapusi ʻi Peasiá, naʻe fakatou maʻu ʻe ʻĒseta ha hingoa faka-Hepelū mo ha hingoa faka-Peasia. Ko e Hatasá hono hingoa faka-Hepeluú, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhingá ko e “mailé.” ʻOku ʻuhinga hono hingoa faka-Peasia, ʻĒsetá, ko e “fetuʻu.”

ʻĒseta 2:19

Ko e hā naʻe tangutu ai ʻa Motekiai ʻi he matapā ʻā ʻo e tuʻí?

Ko e matapā ʻā ʻo e tuʻí ko ha feituʻu tānakiʻanga ia ʻi he hūʻanga ki he ʻapi fakatuʻí. Naʻe ʻuhinga ʻa e tangutu ʻi he matapā ʻo e tuʻí naʻe maʻu ʻe ha taha ha lakanga fakaʻofisiale ke maluʻi ʻa e tuʻí. ʻOku toutou hā ʻi he fakamatalá ʻa e ngāue ʻa Motekiai ʻi he fatongiá ni, kau ai ʻa e taimi naʻá ne fanongo ai ki he faʻufaʻu ʻa e kau leʻó ke fakapoongi ʻa e tuʻí.

ʻĒseta 3:1–10

Ko e hā ka fakafisi ai ʻa Motekiai ke punou kia Hamaní?

Naʻe ʻikai taʻofi ʻa e punou ki ha tuʻunga māʻolunga fakapolitikalé ʻi he fono ʻa Mōsesé. Ka neongo ia, ʻe ala tokoni ha fakaikiiki ʻe taha mei he fakamatalá ke fakamatalaʻi e ʻuhinga naʻe fakafisi ai ʻa Motekiai ke punou kia Hamaní. ʻOku tala ʻe he fakamatalá ko Hāmaní ko ha tangata ʻEkaki, ʻa ia ʻoku ngalingali ko e hako ia ʻo e Tuʻi ʻAmalekai ko ʻEkakí. Naʻe hoko ʻa e kau ʻAmalekaí ko ha fili fuoloa ʻo e kakai ʻIsilelí. Mahalo naʻe haʻu ʻa e fakafisi ko ia ʻa Motekiai ke punou kia Hāmani mo e loto-fakapapau ʻa Hāmani ke tāmateʻi e kau Siú mei he fekeʻikeʻi taʻu lahi ʻa e ongo kakaí ni.

ʻĒseta 3:7

Naʻe ʻuhinga ki he hā ʻa e pehē ke “lī ʻa Pulí”?

Ke fakapapauʻi pe ko e ʻaho fē ke tamateʻi kotoa ai ʻa e kau Siu ʻi Peasiá, naʻe “lī ʻa Puli, ʻa ia ko e talotalo” ai ʻa Hāmani mo ʻene kau tangatá. Naʻe angamaheni ʻaki hono fai ʻo e talotaló ʻi he kuonga muʻá ʻi he Feituʻu Ofi ki he Hahaké, ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ke fai ha ngaahi fili pe fakapapauʻi ʻa e ikuʻanga. Naʻe faʻa kau ai hono lī ʻo ha fanga kiʻi meʻa iiki hangē ko e maká, huí, pe nifo hau ʻo e fanga monumanú. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kātoanga faka-Siu ʻo e Pulimí ʻa hono hingoá mei he puli ko e foʻi lea faka-Peasia ki he “talotaló.”

ʻĒseta 4:1

Ko e hā naʻe haehae ai ʻe Motekiai hono valá pea tui tauangaʻa mo ha efuefú?

ʻI he kuonga ʻo e Tohi Tapú, naʻe hoko hono haehae ʻo e vala ʻo ha taha, tui tauangaʻa, mo e efuefu pe efu ʻi he ʻulu ʻo ha taha ko ha founga tukufakaholo ʻo hono fakahaaʻi ha faingataʻaʻiá pe loto-mamahi. Ko e tauangaʻá ko ha tupenu petepete ʻa ia naʻe ngaohi ʻaki ha ngaahi kato fefeka.

Ko Motekiai ʻokú ne ʻai tauangaʻa

ʻĒseta 4:11

Ko e hā naʻe ʻikai ʻahiʻahiʻi ai ʻe ʻĒseta ha ngaahi founga kehe ke fakahā ai ki he tuʻí ʻa e palani ʻa Hāmaní?

Naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe ʻĒseta ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ki heʻene moʻuí kapau ʻe ʻalu ki he ʻao ʻo e tuʻí taʻe fekauʻi ia. ʻI he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ko ʻení, kuo fehuʻia ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe ʻikai feinga ai ʻa ʻĒseta ke fakaʻaongaʻi ha ngaahi founga fakaʻofisiale ke maʻu ai ha faingamālie ke ʻaʻahi ai ki he tuʻí. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻe taha ko e fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa ʻĒseta mei he fili ko ʻení ke taʻofi ʻa hono fakahoko ʻene pōpoakí ʻo fakafou ʻia Hāmaní, ʻa ia naʻá ne mei maumauʻi ʻene palaní.

ʻĒseta 4:14

Ko e hā e ʻuhinga ʻa Motekiai ʻi heʻene talaange kia ʻĒseta mahalo naʻá ne haʻu ki he puleʻangá “koeʻuhí ko ha kuonga peheni”?

Naʻe pehē ʻe Motekiai mahalo naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa ʻĒseta ʻi hono tuʻunga ko e kuiní koeʻuhí ke ne lava ʻo hoko ko ʻEne meʻangāue ʻi hono fakahaofi ʻo e kau Siú. Kuo fai ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi onopōní ha ngaahi fakakaukau tatau fekauʻaki mo e kau mai ʻa e ʻEikí ki heʻetau moʻuí. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe ʻEletā Niila A. Mekisuele ko e ʻEikí “ʻoku ʻikai ke Ne fai ʻfakatuʻupakēʻ ha meʻa kae ʻi ha ʻpalani fakalangi.ʼ” Naʻe fakamoʻoni ʻa ʻEletā Lainolo A. Lasipeni: “ʻOku tataki koe ʻe he toʻukupu ʻo e ʻEikí. ʻI ha ʻpalani fakalangi,’ ʻokú Ne kau ai ʻi he ngaahi meʻa iiki mo mahuʻinga ʻi hoʻo moʻuí.”

Kuini ʻĒseta

Kuini ko ʻĒseta, tā fakatātā ʻa Minerva K. Teichert

ʻĒseta 6:1

Ko e hā ʻa e “tohi fakamatala meʻa fakapuleʻanga”?

Ko e tohi naʻe lau mei ai e kau tamaioʻeiki ʻa e tuʻí ko ha lekooti fakaʻofisiale ia ʻo e ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko ʻi he ʻemipaea Peasiá. ʻOku toe hā foki ʻa e lekooti ko ʻení ʻi ha feituʻu kehe ʻia ʻĒseta mo ʻĒsela. ʻOku fokotuʻu mai naʻe tataki ʻe he ivi tākiekina ʻo e ʻEikí ʻa e tuʻí ke ne lau ʻa e konga ko ʻeni ʻo e lekōtí, ʻo ueʻi ia ke ne manatuʻi ʻa e ngāue toʻa ʻa Motekiai mei he ngaahi taʻu siʻi kimuʻá.

ʻĒseta 8:3–12

Ko e hā naʻe kei tautapa ai ʻa ʻĒseta ki he kau Siú hili e pekia ʻa Hāmaní?

ʻOku hā ʻi he tohí naʻe ʻikai lava ke toe fakafoki ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e Tuʻi ko ʻAhasiveló, ʻa ia naʻá ne tuʻutuʻuni ke fakaʻauha ʻa e kau Siú. Ko ia naʻe fakalotoʻi ai ʻe ʻĒseta ʻa e tuʻí ke fai ha tuʻutuʻuni ʻe taha ʻo fakaʻatā ʻa e kau Siú ke nau maluʻi kinautolu kimuʻa ʻi he ʻaho ne palani ke fakapoongi fakatokolahi ai kinautolú.

ʻĒseta 9:20–28

Ko e hā ʻa e Kātoanga ‘o e Pulimí?

Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau Siú ha ʻaho mālōlō foʻou naʻe ui ko e Pulimi, ke fakafiefiaʻi ʻaki honau fakahaofí. ʻOku maʻu ʻa e hingoá mei he puli (talotalo) naʻe fakahoko ʻe Hāmani ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e ʻaho ke fakaʻauha ai ʻa e kau Siú. ʻI he ʻaho ní, ʻoku kei tauhi pē ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e Kātoanga ʻo e Pulimí. Makehe mei he ʻaʻapa fakalongolongo ʻa e ngaahi ʻaho mālōlō kehe ʻa e kau Siú, ʻoku fakataumuʻa ʻa e Pulimí ke longomoʻui mo fakafiefia. ʻOku fakafiefiaʻi ʻaki ia ha meʻakai, mūsika, mo ha ngaahi fakafiefia kehe, kau ai hono fakafetongi ʻo e ngaahi meʻaʻofá mo foaki ha ngaahi meʻaʻofa ki he masivá. ʻI he ʻaho Pulimí, ʻoku tui ʻe he kau Siú ha ngaahi teunga pea nau fakataha ki he falelotu lahí, ʻa ia ʻoku lau pe fakafaivaʻi ai ʻa e talanoa kakato ʻo ʻĒsetá. ʻE faʻa fakameleʻi ʻe kinautolu ʻoku fanongo ki he talanoá ha faʻahinga talanoa pē ʻo kau kia Hāmani. ʻI he taimi ʻoku lau ai e hingoa Motekiaí, ʻoku fakakaekae ʻa e haʻofangá.

Ako Lahi Ange

Loto-toʻa ʻa ʻĒsetá

  • Thomas S. Monson, “May You Have Courage,” Liahona, May 2009, 123–27

  • Mary Ellen Smoot, “For Such a Time as This,” Ensign, Nov. 1997, 86–88

Mītiá

Ngaahi Vitiō

“Koeʻuhi Ko Ha Kuonga Peheni” (13:44)

13:55

“Sackcloth [Tauangaʻa]” (00:32)

0:33

Ngaahi ʻĪmisí

Kuini ʻĒseta

Fakatātā ʻo ʻĒseta, tā fakatātaaʻi ʻe Dilleen Marsh

Tūʻulutui ʻa ʻĒseta ʻi he ʻao ʻo e tuʻí

ʻOku Fakahaofi ʻe Kuini ʻĒseta ʻa e Kakai ʻo Sihová, tā fakatātaaʻi ʻe Sam Lawlor

Tūʻulutui ʻa Kuini ʻĒseta ʻo lotu

Tui ʻa Kuini ʻĒsetá, tā fakatātaaʻi ʻe Sandra Rast

Hanga hake ʻa ʻĒseta mo lotu

ʻĒseta, tā fakatātaaʻi ʻe James Johnson

Ko e tūʻulutui ʻa ʻĒseta ʻi he ʻao ʻo e tuʻí

ʻĒseta ʻi he ʻao ʻo e Tuʻí, tā fakatātaaʻi ʻe Minerva K. Teichert

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

  1. Vakai, Harold W. Attridge mo e niʻihi kehe, eds., The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, Including the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books (2006), 682, fakamtala ki he ʻĒseta 1:1.

  2. Vakai, Earl D. Radmacher mo e niʻihi kehe, eds., NKJV Study Bible, 3rd ed. (2018), 673.

  3. Vakai, Bible Dictionary, “Esther, book of”; Adele Berlin mo Marc Zvi Brettler, eds., The Jewish Study Bible, 2nd ed. (2014), 1619.

  4. Bible Dictionary, “Esther, book of.”

  5. Ko ʻĒseta pē ʻa e tohi mei he Fuakava Motuʻá naʻe ʻikai maʻu ʻi he Ngaahi Takainga Tohi ʻo e Tahi Maté. Mahalo ʻoku fokotuʻu mai heni naʻe ʻi ai ha kau Siu ʻi he kuonga ʻo Sīsuú naʻe ʻikai ke nau tali ia ko ha folofola. Kuo fokotuʻu mai ʻe ha kau mataotao tokolahi ko e ngaahi ʻelemēniti pau ʻo e talanoá ʻoku ngali fakalahi pe naʻe ʻikai fakataumuʻa ia ke lau ko ha hisitōlia moʻoni (vakai, Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary [2019], 2:713–16; Berlin mo Brettler, The Jewish Study Bible, 1619–20).

  6. Vakai, Bible Dictionary, “Shushan.”

  7. Vakai, Michael D. Coogan mo e niʻihi kehe, eds., The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version, 5th ed. (2018), 717, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 1:2.

  8. Vakai, Nehemaia 1:1, 11; Taniela 8:1–2.

  9. Vakai, Taniela 1:6–7.

  10. Vakai, Richard Neitzel Holzapfel mo e niʻihi kehe, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament: An Illustrated Reference for Latter-day Saints (2009), 356.

  11. Vakai, Coogan mo e niʻihi kehe, The New Oxford Annotated Bible, 719, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 2:19.

  12. Vakai, Berlin mo Brettler, The Jewish Study Bible, 1625, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 2:21, 22.

  13. Vakai, ʻĒseta 2:19–23; 5:13; 6:10.

  14. Vakai, Sēnesi 23:7; 33:3; 44:14; 1 Samuela 24:8; 2 Samuela 14:4; 1 Ngaahi Tuʻi 1:16.

  15. Vakai, Bible Dictionary, “Agag.”

  16. Vakai, ʻĒseta 3:10. Vakai foki Bible Dictionary, “Amalek, Amalekites.” Naʻe fakapoongi ʻe he palōfita ko Samuelá ʻa ʻEkaki hili e ʻikai lava ʻe he Tuʻi ko Saulá ʻo fai iá (vakai, 1 Samuela 15:8–9, 32–33). Naʻe hangē ʻa Motekiai ko Saulá, ko ha hako ʻo Penisimani. Mahalo naʻe kau ʻi he tokotaha faʻu tohí ʻa e hako ʻo Motekiai mo Hāmaní ke na fakamatalaʻi ha niʻihi ʻo ʻena fekeʻikeʻí pea mo e loto-fakapapau ʻa Hāmani ke tāmateʻi ʻa e kau Siú (vakai, Berlin mo Brettler, The Jewish Study Bible, 1625, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 3:1). Ke maʻu ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau ʻIsilelí mo e kau ʻAmalekaí, vakai, “ʻEkesōtosi 17:14–16. Ko e hā naʻe fekau ai ʻe he ʻEikí kia Mōsese ke fakaʻauha e kau ʻAmalekaí?” mo e “1 Samuela 15:1–3. Ko e hā naʻe fekauʻi ai ʻa Saula ke “fakaʻauha ʻaupito” ʻa e kau ʻAmalekí?”

  17. Vakai, Kenneth L. Barker mo e niʻihi kehe, eds., NIV Study Bible: Fully Revised Edition (2020), 809–10, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 3:1; 3:2–6.

  18. Vakai, Bible Dictionary, “Lots, casting of.”

  19. Vakai, Holzapfel mo e niʻihi kehe, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament157.

  20. Vakai, Alter, The Hebrew Bible, 2:725, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 3:7.

  21. Vakai, Radmacher mo e niʻihi kehe, NKJV Study Bible, 1044; 1 Ngaahi Tuʻi 21:27; Nehemaia 9:1; Siope 2:8; 42:6; ʻĪsaia 58:5; Taniela 9:3; “Sēnesi 37:34. Ko e hā e ʻuhinga naʻe haehae ai ʻe Sēkope hono kofú pea tui ha tauangaʻá?”

  22. Vakai, John H. Walton mo e niʻihi kehe, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament (2000), 488, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 4:11.

  23. Vakai, Radmacher mo e niʻihi kehe, NKJV Study Bible, 720, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 4:14.

  24. Neal A. Maxwell, “‘Brim with Joy’ (ʻAlamā 26:11)” (Brigham Young University devotional, Jan. 23, 1996), 2, speeches.byu.edu.

  25. Ronald A. Rasband, “ʻI ha Palani Fakalangi,” Liahona, Nōvema 2017, 57.

  26. Vakai, ʻĒseta 2:23; 10:2; ʻEsela 4:15.

  27. Vakai, Radmacher mo e niʻihi kehe, NKJV Study Bible, 721, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 6:1; 6:2, 3. Vakai foki Barker mo e niʻihi kehe, NIV Study Bible, 812, fakamatala ki he ʻĒseta 6:2.

  28. Vakai, ʻĒseta 8:8. Fakafehoanaki mo e ʻĒseta 1:19; Taniela 6:7–9.

  29. Vakai, Holzapfel mo e niʻihi kehe, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament, 356.

  30. Vakai, Bible Dictionary, “Feasts Vakai foki Holzapfel mo e niʻihi kehe, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament, 359; Berlin mo Brettler, The Jewish Study Bible, 1619.