2019
Jon, Rijilōk Eo Jisōs Eaar Iakwe
Jānwōde 2019

Jon, Rijilōk Eo Jisōs Eaar Iakwe

Jān Eric D. Huntsman

Rūkaki in Kalōj eo etijemļo̧k kōn Jeje ko Rekwojarjar Etto, Brigham Young University

Kallim̧ur Ekāāl ej jeje ko kōn Jon eo Ejitenbōro āinwōt juon rikaki im juon waanjon̄ok n̄an jerbal in tōl eo ad make.

Pija
John at the Last Supper

Meļeļe jān The Last Supper, jān Carl Bloch

Ālkin Piter, bōlen Jon eaar juon eo jeļā kajjien āinwōt Jon̄oulruo Rijilōk ro. E im ļōm̧aro jatin, Jemes, raar pād ippān Piter ilo jet iaan iien ko raorōk ilo jerbal in kwaļo̧k eo an Rilo̧mo̧o̧r ilo mour in, im eaar je ļalem iaan bok ko reoktak ilo Kallim̧ur Ekāāl.1 Piktokin n̄an Irooj ej waļo̧k ilo Jon 13:23: “Juon iaan ro rūkaļoraņ, eo Jisōs ej yokwe, eaar atartar ioon ubōn Jisōs.” Ilo aolepen iiō kein, pija ko an ro Rikūrjin rej antoone ļo̧k pija in, pijain Jon āinwōt juon likao edik, emakijkij an kakkije ilo pein Rilo̧mo̧o̧r. Ej taitōļ eo ej make wōt, Jon Jitenbōro, ak an kam̧ool im mijen eo an eaar bōk jerbal in tōl eo me jej maron̄ aolep kwaļo̧ke.

Jon, nejin Zebedee

Jon etan Hibru, Yohanan, meļeļein “Anij em̧m̧an.” Enan̄in aolep meļeļe ko jej jeļā kōn e rej itok jān jebta ko jilu an Gospel ko, ko rej kwaļo̧k kōn bwebwenato in kwaļo̧k eo an Rilo̧mo̧o̧r eo ilo mour in jān jarlepju ko reļļap im reddik. Rej aolep errā bwe Jon eaar nejin juon rieo̧n̄od in Galilee etan Zebedee, eo ewōr waan make wa im maron̄ in ebbōk rijipan̄ e im ļaddik ro nejin ilo jerbal ko aer. Jon im ļaddik eo jatin, Jemes, raar bar m̧ōttā ippān Piter im Andrew, im aolep rein emān raar likūt kein eo̧n̄od ko aer ilo iien eo Jisōs ej kūr er n̄an ļoor E n̄an rikaļooraņ aolep raan.2

Pija
Jesus calling fishermen

Christ Calling the Apostles James and John, Edward Armitage (1817–96) / Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust, UK / © Museums Sheffield / The Bridgeman Art Library International

Ilo an Gospel ko jab bar kwaļo̧k Zebedee, jinen Jemes im Jon raar erom̧ juon rikaļooraņ Jisōs, pād ippān Jisōs ilo etan ļōm̧aro nejin im pād ilo iien Dōbwāāl eo.3 Ekkā aer kūr kōn etan Salome, jinen Jemes im Jon emaron̄ bar juon jein im jatin Meri, jinen Jisōs, ekōm̧m̧an bwe ren rilikin Jisōs im nukun Jon Ripeptaij.4

Ālkin kūr eo An, Jon eaar kam̧ool elōn̄ kabwilōn̄lōn̄ ko im katak ko an Irooj.5 Lo kabwilōn̄lōn̄ kein im ron̄jake katak ko āinwōt Kwaļo̧k eo Ioon To̧l eo eaar ejjeļo̧k pere ippān Jon n̄an tōre eo ke Irooj eaar kūr e bwe en juon iaan Jon̄oulruo Rijilōk ro An.6 Kōn rikam̧ool rein rejenoļo̧k, Piter, Jemes, im Jon raar jet rijilōk ro repaak ro raar pād ilo iien ko raorōk ilo jerbal in kwaļo̧k eo an Jisōs ilo mour in.

  • Kōjerkak leddik eo nejin Jairus, jinoin lo kajoor eo an Irooj ioon mej.7

  • Ilo To̧l eo Eaar Ukōt Mōōraņ, ijo raar lo an Jisōs kwaļo̧k An aiboojoj im kar ron̄ ainikien Jemed kam̧ool bwe Jisōs ej Nejin eo eaar m̧ōņōņō kake.8

  • Ilo To̧l Olive ko kōn kanaan eo An āliktata kōn raan ko āliktata.9

  • Ilo Jikin Kallib Gethsemane, ijo raar epaake ke Rilo̧mo̧o̧r eaar jino jerbal in Pinmuur eo An eļap.10

Ke Jisōs eaar leļo̧k bar juon etan Simōn Cephas ak Piter, eo ej meļeļein “ejm̧aan,” Eaar bar leļo̧k n̄an Jemes im Jon taitōļ Boanergers, ak “al ko an jouruur.”11 Kōnke raar kajjitōk ippān Jisōs eļan̄n̄e remaron̄ kūr ioon lan̄ bwe en wōtļo̧k kijeek ioon jikin ko an RiSamaria ro ro raar kowaan E (lale Luke 9:51–56), āt bajjōk kein remaron̄ kar pen ak kajoor. Ijoke, eaar āinwōt kanooj etan rikam̧ool ro rekajoor me remaron̄ erom̧, āinwōt etan Piter eaar jab lukkuun emejaja m̧okta ļo̧k ak piktokin eaar pen im kajoor ālkin Jerkakepeje eo an Jisōs.12

Ilo kōm̧m̧an ko an Jon ilo bok in Jerbal, eaar kanooj kajoor, eo m̧ōttan Piter ekajoor. Jon eaar pād ippān Piter ke eaar kōmour em̧m̧aan eo eaar jaje etetal ilo tampeļ eo, im raar kwaļo̧k naan ekajoor ippān doon m̧okta jān an RiJew tōl Jerusalem. Ippān doon, ruo iaan Rijilōk ro raar etal n̄an Samaria n̄an leļo̧k menin letok eo an Jetōb Kwojarjar ioon RiSamaria ro me Phillip eaar katakin im peptaiji er.13

Aaet ej jeje ko reieokļo̧k Jon ekōm̧m̧an bwe en juon rikam̧ool eo ekajoor ekwojarjar ippān m̧aajta im m̧ōttan, Jisōs Kraist. Bok kein ilo Kallim̧ur Ekāāl rej kabajien Jon āinwōt juon rikaki im juon waanjon̄ok n̄an kōj ilo jerbal in tōl eo ad make.

Rijilōk eo Ejitenbōro

Kaitoktok limoin, etan Jon ejjab waļo̧k ilo Gospel ko me ekkā aer en̄inn̄in e. Gospel eo an Jon ej kwaļo̧k juon wōt alen kōn ļōm̧aro ruo nejin Zebedee, ilo jebta eo āliktata, ijo ekar wōr wōt ruo jen jiljilimjuon rijilōk ro ro raar ioon Irooj ilo ļom̧alo in Galilee. Ijeņ, ijoke, etaer eaar jab waļo̧k. Ijoke, ilo iminene, kōn jipan̄ eo ilo jeje ko rekwojarjar ilo Jepļaaktok in,14 rej kallikkar bwe Jon eaar make wōt “rijilōk eo Jisōs eaar iakwe” eo eaar waļo̧k ilo Kejota eo Āliktata, ilo Dōbwāāl eo, ilo ļōb eo, im ilo iien ko āliktata an Rilo̧mo̧o̧r eaar waļo̧k ilo Ļom̧alo in Galilee.15

Emaron̄ kar bōlen “rijilōk ro jet” ro, m̧ōttan Andrew, ro raar rikaļooraņ Jon Ripeptaij im kar ron̄ an kam̧ool bwe Jisōs eaar ļaam eo an Anij (lale Jon 1:35–40), im eaar rijilōk eo eaar jipan̄ Piter ālkin aer kaļbuuji Jisōs im kar jipan̄ Piter ļo̧k n̄an jikin ekajet im̧aan pris ro routiej (lale Jon 18:15–16).

Ilo Gospel Jon, rijilōk eo ejitenbōto emake wōt, m̧ōttan Irooj. Kobaļo̧k Martha, Lazarus, im Meri, kōmeļeļeik Jon ilo Gospel in eaar juon eo Jisōs eaar iakwe (lale Jon 11:3, 5). Jerbal eo an ilo tebōļ in Kejota eo Āliktata ejjab nōbar wōt ak ebar epaake.

Aolepān m̧ōttā eo an ippān Rilo̧mo̧o̧r, ennaan ko jet rej kwaļo̧k kōn e āinwōt juon rikam̧ool eo ekajoor ilo aolepān m̧akūtkūt in jerbal eo an Jisōs: eaar jutak iturin dōbwāāl eo n̄an kam̧ool mej eo an Irooj āinwōt juon kein katok kōn jerawiwi, ettōrļo̧k n̄an ļo̧b eo ālkin Jerkakpeje eo n̄an kam̧ool e ke ejjeļo̧k kobban, im kar loe jerkakpej Rilo̧mo̧o̧r.

Ruo alen ilo Gospel Jon ej kwaļo̧k bwe ej pedped wōt ioon kam̧ool eo an rijilōk eo ejitenbōro im ej waļo̧k bwe an kam̧ool ej m̧ool,16 juon men eo me Josep Smith eaar loe ilo Gospel eo āinwōt “Naan in Kam̧ool eo an Jon.”17

Ilo an rimāletlet ro arto-artake wōt piktokin rijilōk eo ejitenbōto, eļan̄n̄e en kar Rijilōk eo Jon, innām en kar unjen jipan̄ eo ilo Gospel eo, eļan̄n̄e lukkuun rijeje eo.18 Innām etke eaar jab emejaja etan, kar kab kwaļo̧k piktokin āinwōt Rijilōk Jon? Uwaak eo emaron̄ kōnke eaar baj wōt jen iminene ko an n̄an ro ritōmak im rijilōk ilo aolep iien otemjeļo̧k. Kōn em̧m̧an in, eaar kōm̧m̧an bwe jān kōjparok kōj make kōn en̄jake ko an make, jeļā kilen iakwe im kwaļo̧k iakwe jān Irooj innām bōk kam̧ool ko ad make, innām maron̄ kūr kōj n̄an kwaļo̧k n̄an ro jet.

Bok ko: 1, 2, im 3 Jon

Āinwōt Gospel Jon, ejjeļo̧k iaan leta kein jilu rej kwaļo̧k likio in etan Jon. Ijoke, 1 Jon, eo āinwōt juon katak in juon leta em̧ool, ej ieokļo̧k ippān wāween im katak ko ilo Gospel eo, eo ekobaik iakwe im pokake eo eaorōk, unin kōnono ko me Rilo̧mo̧o̧r eaar katakin ilo leta eo an Jon ilo Kejota eo Āliktata.

Ālkin an jeje Gospel eo, 1 Jon eaar jino kwaļo̧k kam̧ool eo an rijeje eo an Irooj Jisōs Kraist, “eo eaar jān jinoin, eo jaar ron̄ kake, eo jaar loe kōn mejād make, eo jaar reilo̧k, im pā ko peid raar jibwe, naan Naan in mour” (1 Jon 1:1; kakkobaba in ekkatak). Ijelo̧kin bar āliji ļain ko ilo jinoin Gospel Jon, rijeje eo ej kwaļo̧k an kajoor, en̄jake, kam̧ool an kanniōk kōn Jisōs Kraist, eo eaar Naan in Anij ilo kanniōk.

Rikūrijin ro etto, ro raar armej in riit, raar en̄taan kōn kobaļo̧k ippān juon kūrup ro raar kariab katak ko kōn an Jisōs etal jān Kabūn̄ eo.19 Ilo 1 Jon, rijeje eo ejjab wōt juon rikam̧ool; ej juon rutiej kar kūr n̄an kajim̧we katak eo ebōd im n̄an kajim̧we katak ko jān anti-Kraist im jetōb ko reriab (lale 1 Jon 2:18–27; 4:1–6). Mijen eo an eaar bar kōperan ro jet ro raar tiljek n̄an kwaļo̧k m̧ool ko kōn Anij im Kraist im aorōk eo an tōmak im wānōk.

Ilo 2 Jon im 3 Jon, ej kwaļo̧k piktokin make āinwōt “ juon elder” im ej etal wōt im kwaļo̧k aorōk eo an iakwe im pokake im kauwōtata ko an rikaki ro rōriab im ro rej kowaan mālim eo an Kabun̄.20

Aolepān bok kein jilu rej katakin kōj kōn aorōk eo an wūjlepļo̧k n̄an Jisōs Kraist.

Rilolo eo

Iaan bok ko ļalem rej kwaļo̧k piktokin e, Revelesōn wōt ej kōjerbal etan Jon, kwaļo̧k piktokin rijeje eo jilu alen kōn etan ilo eoon ko jinoin (lale Revelesōn 1:1, 4, 9). Ijeļo̧kkin kwaļo̧k piktokin make āinwōt juon rikarejeraņ Anij, rijeje eo ejjab letok bar jet jerbal ak kūr ko an, ak enan̄in aolep Rikūrijin ro etto rej tōmak bwe Jon, ej nejin Zebedee.

Bok in Mormon im Katak im Bujen ko rej kam̧ool bwe Rijilōk Jon kar leļo̧k juon jerbal ejenoļo̧k n̄an bōke im je visōn ko me eaar būki.21 Juon Bok in kōkkaļļe, Revelesōn eaar waļo̧k n̄an kaenōm̧m̧an im rie Rikūrijin ro jān en̄taan ak apan̄ ko ilo aolep iien ilo an ejja waļo̧k jerbal eo an Jisōs Kraist ilo aolep bwebwenato.

Men̄e iien ko reoktak raar kwaļo̧k kōn iien eo Jon eaar je Revelesōn—im ilo iien/raan/iiō eo ilo AD 60 eo ilo iien tōl eo an Nero im juon tok ālik ilo AD 90 ko ilo iien tōl eo an Domit—maron̄ kar jim̧or ālkin mej eo an Piter, ekōm̧m̧an bwe Jon en Rijilōk eo eutiejtata emour.

Kūr eo an, ijoke, ejjab n̄an wōt bōk im je visōn ko loi ilo bok in. Ilo juon iaan visōn ko an, juon enjeļ eaar jiron̄ Jon Rilolo eo kōn bōk bok eo edik, ak bok lemlem, im n̄an kan̄e. Tōn̄al ilo lon̄iin jinoin, im ekōm̧m̧an bwe lojien en meo, eo Josep Smith eaar ukote n̄an bōk jikin mijen eo an n̄an ainitok bwij ko an Israel āinwōt m̧ōttan jepļaaktok eo an aolep men otemjeļo̧k (lale Revelesōn 10:9–11; Katak im Bujen ko 77:14). Mijen in eaar tōprak kōn wōn tiljek in jerbal in karejar eo an Jon ālkin an kar jab lemōk mej. Ilo an riaron̄ron̄ ro, etto im raan kein, kar jepel ļo̧k kōn meļeļe in kōn naan eo an Jisōs n̄an Piter kōn Jon ilo jem̧ļo̧kin ļo̧k Gospel eo (lale Jon 21:20–23), Josep Smith eaar bōk juon revelesōn n̄an kam̧ool bwe mijen eo an Jon enaaj etal wōt āinwōt juon eo eban lemōk mej m̧ae ro̧o̧l tok eo an Rilo̧mo̧o̧r (lale Katak im Bujen ko 7:1–6). Ilo naan ko jet, eaar jab kanaan wōt kōn jem̧ļo̧kin iien, ak mijen eo an eaar kobaik n̄an jipan̄ kakūrm̧ool kanaan ko barāinwōt kam̧ool eo n̄an kakūrm̧ool men otemjej me raar waļo̧k n̄an e.

Men̄e mijen ko ad reban tōprak, waanjon̄ok eo an Jon ej katakin kōj bwe ad iakwe n̄an Jisōs Kraist ej tōl ļo̧k kōj n̄an bōk kūr ko ad make im apan̄ ko an mour in, jekdo̧o̧n idajon̄jon̄ rot eo enaaj waļo̧k.

Pija
John and Peter at the tomb

Juon kam̧ool eo ekajoor ilo aolepen m̧akūtkūt in jerbal eo an Jisōs, Jon eaar jutak iturin dōbwāāl eo n̄an kam̧ool mej eo an Irooj, kar ettōrļo̧k n̄an lōb eo ālkin Jerkakpeje eo n̄an kam̧ool e ke ejjeļo̧k kobban, im kar loe jerkakpeje Rilo̧mo̧o̧r.

John and Peter at the Tomb, jān Robert Theodore Barrett

Erom̧ Rijilōk eo Ejitōn bōro ilo Kōj Make

Jon eaar tōl ro uwaan Jon̄oulruo Rijilōk ro an Jisōs, juon eo eaar lukkuun epaak jem̧jerā eo an ippān Rilo̧mo̧o̧r im kar jerbale jerbal ko raorōk āinwōt An rikam̧ool, juon ritōl an Kabun̄ in, im juon rilolo. Aaet wāween an kar kālet n̄an e make āinwōt juon rijilōk eo ejitōn bōro ilo Gospel eo bwe eaar kotak etan im kōm̧m̧an bwe en jerbal āinwōt waanjon̄ok n̄an kōj aolep ilo jerbal in tōl eo ad make. Jān e jej maron̄ jeļā bwe āinwōt rikaļoor ro an Jisōs Kraist, jej maron̄ aolep kakije ilo pā in iakwe eo An, iakwe eo jej aikuj bōke ilo kain̄i ko āinwōt Eaar kōm̧m̧ane ilo Kejota eo Āliktata. Jej maron̄ kōm̧m̧ane jekjek in n̄an jutak ilo dōbwāāl eo, kam̧ool bwe Jisōs eaar mej kōn kōj, im ettōr kōn kōjatdikdik kōn ad jeļā kōn kōj make bwe Irooj emour. Āinwōt Jon, āinwōt rijilōk eo ejitōn bōro kūr eo ad ej n̄an kwaļo̧k bwe kam̧ool eo n̄an ro jet, kam̧ool kōn m̧ool eo n̄an kakūrm̧ool ta eo kūr ko rej itok m̧ae an Irooj bar itok.

Kakeememej ko

  1. Kabwilōn̄lōn̄, Bok in Revelesōn wōt ej kajju kwaļo̧k bwe jeje eo ej Jon ( lale Revelesōn 1:1, 4). Ejjeļo̧k ilo Gospel ko, ekoba Jon, ej kwaļo̧k piktokin rijeje eo. Kūrjin ro etto, ijoke, kar kwaļo̧k piktokin rijilōk eo ejitenbōto ilo Gospel ko an Jon ippān Rijilōk eo kōn āt in. Kōn juon unin kenono eo em̧ool, kenono an rimāletlet, im ļōm̧nak ko ilo Jepļaaktok in ekkar n̄an allikkar in, lale kakeememej 17. Bok in 1 Jon ejjab bar kwaļo̧k allikkar in rijeje eo, ak jekjekin im unin kenono eo epaak ļo̧k ilo Gospel eo an Jon. Bok ko 2 im 3 Jon rej kwaļo̧k piktokin āinwōt “juon elder,” ak Kūrjin ro etto rej loe ke rijeje eo an 1 Jon ej Jon.

  2. Lale Mark 1:19–20; bar lale Matu 4:21–22; Luk 5:10–11. Enan̄in aolep ro rimāletlet rej errā bwe Mark eaar je jinoin, jet tōre ilo 60 AD, ippān Matu im Luke ro raar jeje jet tōre ilo AD 70 ak AD 80 m̧okta ļo̧k. Āinwōt juon tōprak, riiti naan ko jān Mark ekōm̧m̧an bwe jen loe wāween an Matu im Luke kar kobaiki ak ātti bwebwenato ko.

  3. Ilo Mark 10:35–37 eaar je bwe Jemes im Jon raar kajjitōk n̄an jijet tuian bwijmaron̄ im tuanmiin̄ ilo Aelōn̄ in Kiin̄ eo An Jisōs, Matu 20:20–21 kar ba bwe kajjitōk in eaar itok jen jineer. Ilo an pād ilo iien Dōbwāāl eo im tokālik ilo an peļļo̧k lōb eo, lale Mark 15:40; 16:1–8; bar lale Matu 27:55–56; Luke 23:49, 55; 24:1–10; im Jon 19:25.

  4. N̄an eļap ļo̧k kōnono kōn Salome, im bar kōn kadkadin baam̧le eo im jerbal in eo̧n̄od an Zebedee, lale R. Alan Culpepper, Jon, the Son of Zebedee: The Life of a Legend (2000), 7–23.

  5. Lale Mark 1:21–31, 40–45; 2:1–12; 3:1–6; bar lale Matu 8:1–4; 9:1–8; 12:9–14; Luke 4:33–39; 5:12–15, 17–26; 6:6–11.

  6. Kōn Kwaļo̧k eo Ioon Toļ eo, lale Matu 5–7. Kōn kūr eo an Jon im Rijilōk ro jet, lale Mark 3:13–19; lale lale Matu 10:2–4; Luk 6:13–16.

  7. Lale Mark 5:37; bar lale Matu 9:23–26; Luk 8:51, men̄e Matu ejjab etan Piter, Jemes, im Jon.

  8. Lale Mark 9:2–10; bar lale Mati17:1–8; Luk 9:28–36.

  9. Lale Mark 13:3–37.

  10. Lale Mark 14:32–34; bar lale Matu 26:36–38.

  11. Lale Mark 3:17. Boanerges ej waļo̧k āinwōt naan in Greek bene regesh ak r’m, mālelein “ļōm̧aro nejin jauruur.”

  12. Lale Culpepper, Jon, nejin Zebedee, 38–40, 50.

  13. Lale Jerbal 3:1–11; 4:1–21; 8:14–17.

  14. Lale Katak im Bujen ko 7; 77; 88:141.

  15. Lale Jon 13:23; 19:26, 34–35; 20:2–10; 21:1–14, 20–25; bar lale Culpepper, Jon, nejin Zebedee, 57–69.

  16. Lale Jon 19:35; 21:24–25; bar lale Jon 20:30–31.

  17. Lale Ukook eo Ekāāl an Baibōļ eo: Original Manuscripts, edited by Scott H. Faulring, Kent P. Jackson, and Robert J. Matthews (2004), 234.

  18. N̄an waanjon̄ok in kenono ko an ro rimāletlet kōn piktokin rijilōk eo ejitenbōto, lale Culpepper, Jon, Nejin Zebedee, 72–85, and Raymond E. Brown, An Introduction to the Gospel of John, edited by Francis J. Moloney (2003), 189–99. Kōn Rijilōk Jon āinwōt jim̧or rijeje im rikōm̧m̧an ilo Gospel eo an Jon, lale Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Eric D. Huntsman, and Thomas A. Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament (2006), 126–27, and my own recent treatment in “The Gospel of John” in New Testament History, Culture, and Society (2018), ed. Lincoln Blumell, page numbers to come.

  19. Lale Raymond E. Brown, The Epistles of John (The Anchor Bible, vol. 30 [1982]), 49–55, 71.

  20. Lale Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee, 90–95, and Holzapfel, Huntsman, and Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament, 274–77.

  21. Lale Holzapfel, Huntsman, and Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament, 281–82, im eļaptata 1 Nipai 14:18–27; Ether 4:16; im Katak im Bujen ko 7:1–3; 77.